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PAR 101 Philosophy Exam 1
Topic The Philosophical Perspective Summary The Philosophical Perspective You have been given 60 minutes to complete this assignment. It is due by Aug. 19, 2020, 2: a.m.. Step 1 of 1 Question 1 of 30 The Greek word sophia refers to which of the following kinds of knowledge that philosophy seeks to attain most? practical knowledge amateur knowledge theoretical knowledge scientific knowledge Correct. Sophia refers to the kind of knowledge that Aristotle called “theoretical knowledge.” Question 2 of 30
Is the below assertion an opinion or a factual claim? Global sea levels have risen two feet since 1950. opinion factual claim Correct. This assertion is an objective claim that can be tested against scientific evidence because we can check it against data on sea levels. Question 3 of 30 Is the assertion below an opinion or a factual claim? Most baseball players have brown hair. opinion factual claim Correct. This assertion is an objective claim that can be tested against the facts about baseball players’ hair color. Question 4 of 30 Is the assertion below an opinion or a factual claim? Rap music is preferable to country music. opinion factual claim
Socrates Heraclitus Glaucon Aristotle Correct. Socrates went on trial for impiety and corrupting youth. Question 8 of 30 Which of the following did Aristotle focus on in his approach to studying philosophy? ideal concepts material objects four elements the one Correct. Aristotle’s theory of knowledge approached ideas in terms of material objects. Question 9 of 30 Sarah and Ian discuss the ethics of human cloning. Sarah insists that human cloning is wrong because it is unsafe, while Ian insists that it is unproblematic. Which of the following outcomes might BEST exemplify the virtue of Socratic wisdom in this debate? Sarah and Ian admit that they know very little about human cloning, and they re-evaluate their beliefs together.
Sarah and Ian avoid talking about human cloning, because they can’t reach an agreement. Sarah and ian continue to firmly maintain their beliefs, and thus they continue to disagree. Sarah and Ian take a vote among their mutual friends to settle who is right. Correct. Socratic wisdom means acknowledging one’s own ignorance and, in this case, re- evaluating one’s beliefs in light of this. Question 10 of 30 Which of the following does NOT exemplify the aims of the Socratic method? arriving at answers to questions teasing out definitions winning arguments discovering the meaning of terms Correct. Winning arguments does not contribute constructively to philosophical inquiry Question 11 of 30 Which of the following virtues are necessary for the pursuit of wisdom according to Socrates? courage intellectual humility certainty
Question 14 of 30 Which of the following is a topic that is studied by epistemology rather than by metaphysics? God freedom immortality knowledge Correct. Epistemology is the study of human knowledge. Question 15 of 30 Which of the following questions is NOT addressed by epistemology? Can I know anything with certainty? How do I evaluate morality? How do I know things? What can I know? Correct. This is a question addressed by ethics, which is the systematic study of rules of behavior and conduct. Question 16 of 30 Which of the following statements BEST describes political philosophy?
Political philosophy studies beauty and its representations. Political philosophy investigates questions that arise within the context of faith. Political philosophy deals with the ultimate questions of existence. Political philosophy is the study of various ways societies and communities may be structured. Correct. Political philosophers evaluate the justness of societal and community structures. Question 17 of 30 What is epistemology? the systematic study of rules of behavior and conduct the study of correct reasoning the study of human knowledge the study of the ultimate questions of existence Correct. Epistemology is concerned with the structure of human knowledge, its capacities, and its limits. Question 18 of 30 Which of the following is NOT a feature of Humean skepticism? Knowledge claims can be used as a way of habitually making our way in the everyday world. What we claim to know is based on our sense perceptions and always remains doubtful.
Correct. Socrates would converse with people who thought they knew how to define concepts (like justice) and show them that they did not know what they thought they knew. This would lead to aporia: a moment of bewilderment and indecision. Question 21 of 30 Which of the following is NOT true about academic skepticism? It developed as a reaction to what some saw as the acceptance of claims based on inadequate reasoning or evidence. Academic skeptics, such as Cicero, popularized the theory that knowledge claims are always uncertain. Academic skepticism has its roots in Plato’s academy. Academic skeptics argued that those who assert that they know nothing are, in fact, claiming to know with certainty that they know nothing. Correct. This was the argument of the Pyrrhonian skeptics against the academic skeptics. Question 22 of 30 "Fill in the blank" question: select the correct answer.
The claim that knowledge arises from and depends on experience is empiricism. Correct. Empiricism is the claim that knowledge arises from and depends on experience. Question 23 of 30
empiricism
Which of the following is NOT true of Cartesian skepticism? Even mathematics, such as 2 + 2 = 4, is called into question. In trying to defeat skepticism, Descartes himself constructed a powerful version of it. Cartesian skepticism holds that the only thing we can be certain of is the existence of our own bodies. Descartes introduced the notion of the evil genius, who is capable of deceiving us about everything. Correct. Descartes called the existence of the body, and even the external world, into question. Question 24 of 30 On what grounds does Descartes doubt the truth of mathematics, such as 2 + 2 = 4? It is possible that our reality is nothing more than a dream. There is insufficient evidence supporting mathematical claims, such as 2 + 2 = 4. Only a fool would believe them. It is possible that an evil genius could have convinced us that 2 + 2 = 4 when it does not. Our senses deceive us. Correct. Descartes did not believe that we were influenced by an evil genius. Question 25 of 30
a concern with the way that most "philosophical" questions are really traps presented by language a concern with the ways that language can both give precision to and produce confusion about philosophical concerns a concern with seeking to understand the meaning of the term in question rather than immediately answering the question of free will a concern with the creative or poetic function of language Correct. Continental, not analytic, philosophy is concerned with the creative or poetic function of language. Question 28 of 30 "Fill in the blank" question: select the correct answer. According to Thomas Kuhn, a “paradigm” is a set of universal scientific truths that we can uncover through investigation. Incorrect. Kuhn does not believe that there is a set of universal scientific truths that can be uncovered. Question 29 of 30 What picture did Wittgenstein use in his 1951 Philosophical Investigations to convey his notion of “gestalt-switch?”
a set of universal scientific truths that we can uncover through investigation
rabbit-dog bird-dog duck-rabbit old woman-young woman Correct. Wittgenstein pointed to a picture that looks like it depicts a duck to some and a rabbit to others. Question 30 of 30 Which of the following is NOT true of Sellars’ “myth of the given?” It holds that there is no “given,” where “given” means that the world is simply out there, ready for us to judge. It draws upon Kant’s claim that our perception is shaped by the structure of our minds. It shows that knowledge claims are always uncertain and are not worth making. It points toward the complexity of knowledge. Incorrect
