Download Cell Biology: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes and Membrane Function and more Quizzes Cell Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Prokaryotes
Cell wall surrounding cell membraneNo organellesNo compartmentalized functionsNo specialized cells functionNo nuclear membrane/nucleusunicellular TERM 2
Eukaryotes
DEFINITION 2 Bilayered cell membraneMembrane-bound organellesFunctionally discrete compartments (ER)Specialized cell functionMembrane-bound nucleusmulticellular TERM 3
phospholipid membrane
DEFINITION 3 bilayered cell membrane with hydrophobic tails facing in layers can be unique and are composed ofphospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins (peripheral or integral) TERM 4
membran receptors
DEFINITION 4 phospholipids, proteins, and oligosaccharides,may form receptors that recognize and bind to specific ligands which allow passage through the membrane TERM 5
functions of membrane
DEFINITION 5 CommunicationConnection to other cellsBarrierSelection (specialization of function)
Endocytosis
movement of materials across the cell membrane by creating vesicles or small sacs of membrane around the material TERM 7
3 types of endocytosis
DEFINITION 7 Phagocytosiscell snacking. Picking up solidscan include bacteria, dead cells, breakdown products of other cellsFluid-phase endocytosiscell sipping. Forming small vesicles that trap extracellular fluid and whatever is dissolved in itReceptor- mediated Use of specialized receptors on the cell surface to bind to extracellular objects and concentrate them into vesicles TERM 8
Exocytosis
DEFINITION 8 Membrane bound vesicle inside the cell binds with the inner face of the plasma membrane and dumps its contents to the extracellular spaceThis also allows the recycling of cell membrane, receptors, and other membrane bound components TERM 9
Passive Diffusion
DEFINITION 9 requiring no energy expenditureuses gradient to pass ions TERM 10
Active Transport
DEFINITION 10 ion pumps that use ATP breakdown as a fuel source to pump against the gradient
Juxtacrine signaling
type of intercellular communication that is transmitted via oligosaccharide, lipid, or protein components of a cell membrane, and may affect either the emitting cellimmediately adjacent cells. TERM 17
Autocrine
DEFINITION 17 Autocrine signalling is a form of cell signalling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to autocrine receptors on the same cell, leading to changes in the cell. TERM 18
Synaptic signaling
DEFINITION 18 similar to paracrine but uses synaps TERM 19
Rough ER
DEFINITION 19 ribosomes areembeddedin the membranePolyribosomestranslate RNA message into proteins TERM 20
process of protein passage through the Golgi
DEFINITION 20 Secretory granules: Membrane bound organelles that store signal proteins
Lysosomes
Membrane bound vesicles containing lytic enzymes Responsible for breaking down materials brought into the cell by endocytosis TERM 22
Mitochondria
DEFINITION 22 Create ATP Bilayer membrane (each layer is very different,outeris very porous, but the inner is longer) Separate DNA from other cellular DNA TERM 23
Ribosomes
DEFINITION 23 generated in cytoplasm, assembled in nucleusTranslate mRNA message into proteinsPolyribosomesfree in cytosol or attached to RER TERM 24
Proteasomes
DEFINITION 24 Non membrane bound cytoplasmic protein complexesFunction to break down unneeded intracellular proteinsControl protein function within the cellRecognize ubiquitin complexes attached to damaged proteins TERM 25
Peroxisomes
DEFINITION 25 Membrane bound organelles involved in oxidation and breakdown of organic compounds, including EtOH and many drugsForm hydrogen peroxidea cellular toxin which is immediately broken down by a catalase
