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Patho physiology weekly notes, Lecture notes of Pathology

Patho physiology weekly notes for each class taken. You can check the details

Typology: Lecture notes

2024/2025

Uploaded on 06/30/2025

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Week 10. The Male Genital system Health Problems
Learning Objectives:
1. Explain the pathophysiology of common male genital disorders
2. Assessments for male reproductive health concerns
3. Address psychosocial needs in sexual health communication
I. Introduction: Anatomy
1. Anatomy Refresher
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb4jp9LwrU0
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Week 10. The Male Genital system Health Problems Learning Objectives:

  1. Explain the pathophysiology of common male genital disorders
  2. Assessments for male reproductive health concerns
  3. Address psychosocial needs in sexual health communication **I. Introduction: Anatomy
  4. Anatomy Refresher** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb4jp9LwrU

● Testes (spermatogenesis, testosterone), epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, penis ● Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular (HPT) Axis regulation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EoxuTzAJ_U

penis, due to infection or another cause

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

enlargement of prostate gland from noncancerous hyperplasia

cryptorchidism

Undescended testicle

condition in which urethral meatus is located on upper (dorsal) aspect of penis instead of tip of shaft; may be located just above penile tip or anywhere along shaft

Hypospadias

A condition in which the urethra opening is located on the lower (ventral) part of the penis rather than on the tip of the shaft; it may be just below the tip or anywhere on the shaft

Orchiectomy

removal of a testicle

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

blood test to measure antigen produced by prostate cancer

Viral shedding

male reproductive health problems A. Multiple sexual partners increase risk of sexually transmitted infections (STl) and subsequent problems B. Smoking creates endothelial cell changes that predispose cells to more radical changes from viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV) or precancerous conditions and cancer C. Obesity increases amount of fat-soluble hormones (such as estrogen), chemicals, and illicit drugs in tissues, which

increases risk of cellular changes in reproductive tract D. Alcohol use is associated with increased numbers of sexual partners and sexual assault E. Illicit drug use is also associated with increased numbers of sexual partners and sexual assault, and some drugs (marijuana, cocaine, heroin) are fat-soluble, leading to long- term storage of drugs in fatty tissues of body for weeks to months after last ingestion; this can lead to greater effects

H. Specific conditions

  1. Urethral disorders: congenital
  2. Prostatitis: urinary catheterization or similar procedures, consumption of alcohol, caffeine, and spicy foods
  3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: age
  4. Prostate cancer: age, ethnicity, chemical/environmental exposures
  5. Testicular cancer: history of cryptorchidism (undescended

testicle), trauma, estrogen administration to mother during pregnancy such as diethylstilbestrol (DES), decreased birth weight, prematurity, family history II. Common Disorders

1. Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to achieve or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance