Download Pathogenicity and Infection Chapter 35 | MICB - Microbiology and more Quizzes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Opportunistic pathogen
an organism that infects a host only under certain conditions, especially in a host with a weakened immune system TERM 2
Pathogen
DEFINITION 2 any organism that causes disease TERM 3
Intracellular pathogens
DEFINITION 3 pathogens that are able to penetrate the cellular membrane of the host cell TERM 4
Chronic
infection
DEFINITION 4 long lasting TERM 5
Latent
infection
DEFINITION 5 the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant () within a cell, denoted as the lysogenic part of the viral life cycle.
Virulence
refers to the magnitude of harm caused by a microorganism, which is determined by the degree the pathogen causes damage. TERM 7
Virulence
DEFINITION 7 _________ is determined by the degree the pathogen causes damage based on invasiveness and infectivity TERM 8
Virulence
Factor
DEFINITION 8 any structural or soluble product that increase pathogenicity TERM 9
Bacteremia
DEFINITION 9 is the presence of bacteria in the blood. TERM 10
Viremia
DEFINITION 10 is when viruses enter the bloodstream and have access to the rest of the body.
Chronic, asymptomatic carrier carrying pure
strain of bacteria in gallbladder & intestine
"Typhoid Mary" TERM 17
Infectious dose
DEFINITION 17 the number of microorganisms required to cause clinical disease in 50% of the inoculated hosts TERM 18
Reservoirs
DEFINITION 18 the natural environmental location of the pathogen. Is also the site from which a source acquires the pathogen or direct infection of host can occur TERM 19
Reservoir
DEFINITION 19 a _________ is the site from a source acquires a pathogen or direction infection of the host TERM 20
Reservoirs: Nonhuman, Zoonoses
DEFINITION 20 are infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans by food or contact through a bite (rabies, plague caused by fleas)
Transmission: Contact, Direct
Hand shake TERM 22
Transmission: Contact, Indirect
DEFINITION 22 contact through surfaces TERM 23
Transmission; Droplet nuclei
DEFINITION 23 smaller particles that result form the evaporation of the larger droplets TERM 24
Transmission: Droplet
DEFINITION 24 in airborne transmission, the pathogen is suspended in the air in droplets, which travel over a meter or more from the source host TERM 25
Vehicles: Mechanical
DEFINITION 25 (fomites) a single source containing pathogens that can contaminate a common vehicle that causes multiple infections
Endotoxin
Lipopolysaccharides, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide composed of O-antigen, they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and elicit strong immune responses in animals. cause fever and shock Limmulus Amoeboycte Assay TERM 32
Exotoxin
DEFINITION 32 soluble, heat-labile proteins that are released into the surroundings as the bacterial pathogen grows Heat sensitive deadliest chemicals on earth Types: Cytolytic, AB toxins, and superantigens TERM 33
Toxoid
DEFINITION 33 is a bacterial toxin whose toxicity has been inactivated or suppressed either by chemical (formalin) or heat treatment TERM 34
Antitoxin
DEFINITION 34 is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin. Are produced by certain animals, plants, and bacteria. TERM 35
Exotoxins
DEFINITION 35 Cytolytic, AB toxins, and superantigens are all _________.
AB
toxins
has two distinct toxin components. both components can be on a single polypeptide or on a different polypeptide e.g., Diptheria and C. botulinum TERM 37
Cytolytic
DEFINITION 37 or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to move into the cell. e.g., hemolysins and phospholipases TERM 38
Superantigens
DEFINITION 38 subset of pathogen exotoxin proteins that act by stimulating at least % of T cells to overexpress and release large amounts of cytokines in the absence of a specific antigen Attach to the MHC II receptor & Th cell receptor
