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NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM Exam – Mercer County College
When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low- density lipoproteins (LDLs) A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition? Selected Answer: We will have to drain the pus out of your pleural space. A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selected Answer: Vomitin g Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
Selected Answer: Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth A patient had a myocardial infarction that damaged the SA node, which is no longer functioning as the pacemaker of the heart. What heart rate would the healthcare provider expect the patient to have? Selected Answer: 40 to 60 beats/min Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Selected Answer: Active-acquired immunity In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women who have a high body mass index A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best?
include in the presentation? Selected Answer: Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms. Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Selected Answer: Seconda ry Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? Selected Answer: Protei ns
A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels. The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Endogenous pyrogens A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selected Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets. 0 out of 1 points
professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? Selected Answer: Facilitating the motility of the colon An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selected Answer: Alpha fetoprotein Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? Selected Answer: Pulmonary artery A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine.
What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)? Selected Answer: Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat? Selected Answer: Infectio n Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? Selected Answer: Left ventricle A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Pulmonary edema A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that 1 out of 1 points
have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health
Selected Answer: Salivation decreases. A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: Tell the student to get some normal saline instead. Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why? Selected Answer: The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood. Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selected Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen
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Selected The renin-angiotensin system's effect on
Answer: vasoconstriction A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: No, many hormones are made from cholesterol. A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route being the fastest. A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6 - packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? Selected Answer: Hepatic function Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Increase in afterload
