PCU Exam Questions & Answers
what are normal ABG values? -
✔pH: acidic 7.35-7.45 basic
CO2: basic 35-45 acidic
HCO3-: acidic 22-26 basic
normal paO2 -
✔80-100 mmHg
what pH levels are lethal? -
✔outside 6.8-7.8
where are ABGs drawn from? what test is done to ensure adequate blood flow? -
✔peripheral artery; allen's test for radial artery
How do the kidneys help maintain acid-base balance? -
✔retain/excrete basic HCO3 and retain/excrete acidic H+
treatments for respiratory acidosis -
✔-oxygen
-intubation
-bronchodilators
-drug reversal agents
-incentive spirometer
-suction
treatments for respiratory alkalosis -
✔-breathing into paper bag
-anxiolytics
-analgesics
-reduce fever
-reduce ventilation
-return to normal altitude
treatments for metabolic acidosis -
✔-IV sodium bicarbonate
-manage blood sugar
-antibiotics
-reversal for OD
-anti-diarrheal agents
-dialysis
-encourage respirations/ventilate
treatments for metabolic alkalosis -
✔-antiemetics
-stop suctioning
-d/c drugs causing acid loss (diuretics, antacids)
-hydrochloric acid (rare)
what is systolic vs diastolic heart failure? -
✔systolic: type of L sided HF with reduced EF of < 40%; impaired contraction
diastolic: type of L sided HF with preserved EF > 50%; impaired relaxation
what 3 things occur in systolic HF? -
✔1. SNS activation (increased HR, contractility, peripheral vasoconstriction)
