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Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence - correct answers We have multiple intelligences, rather than a general intelligence that underlies performance in all tasks.
- Linguistic intelligence
- Musical intelligence
- Logical- mathematical intelligence
- Spatial intelligence
- Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence
- Interpersonal intelligence
- Intrapersonal intelligence Linguistic Intelligence - correct answers The ability to use spoken or written words Musical Intelligence - correct answers The ability to master music as well as rhythms, tones, and beats. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence - correct answers Inductive and deductive thinking and reasoning abilities, logic, as well as the use of numbers and abstract pattern recognition. Spatial Intelligence - correct answers The ability to mentally visualize objects and spatial dimensions.
Body-Kinesthetic Intelligence - correct answers The wisdom of the body and the ability to control physical motion. Interpersonal intelligence - correct answers The ability to communicate effectively with other people and to be able to develop relationships. Intrapersonal Intelligence - correct answers The ability to understand one's own emotions, motivations, inner states of being, and self-reflection. Interdisciplinary - correct answers Planning a lesson to use two or more subjects Least Restrictive Environment - correct answers Student who has a disability should have the opportunity to be educated with non-disabled peers, to the greatest extent appropriate. What comes first with an infant? - correct answers A social smile Norm-Referenced Test - correct answers Report whether test takers performed better or worse than the hypothetical average student Compare a student's performance against a national or other "norm" group. Comparing individuals to others in a group. •IQ Tests •SAT •ACT
Children learn by observing and imitating the behaviors of models (Peers, Adults, Teachers, etc.) Spontaneous Play - correct answers When children do an activity freely. Help language skills, thinking skills, fine motor, large motor, creative skills, social skills. How to create a culturally inclusive classroom environment? - correct answers 1. Self- assess own prejudice
- Teach respect
- Eliminate stigmas
- Acknowledge differences
- Embrace diversity
- Teach tolerance
- Promote acceptance
- Celebrate community
- Keep an open classroom Screening Assessments - correct answers Assess to see if a student requires specialized assistance or services for developmental, physical, cognitive, or academic needs.
Developmental screening is a short test to see if a child is learning basic skills or if there are delays. Diagnostic Assessment - correct answers Provide teachers with students prior knowledge and misconceptions before a learning activity. Assess a student's strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge prior to instruction. Peer Assessment - correct answers Students or peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher's benchmarks. Language Experience Approach - correct answers A whole language approach that promotes reading and writing through the use of personal experiences and oral language. Family Systems Theory - correct answers The family consists of interrelated parts, each impacting the other and contributing to the growth (or detriment) of the other. Bloom's Taxonomy - correct answers Remembering: can the student recall or remember the information? define, duplicate, list, memorize, recall, repeat, reproduce state Understanding: can the student explain ideas or concepts? classify, describe, discuss, explain, identify, locate, recognize, report, select, translate, paraphrase
•Children should be encouraged to always express themselves and be given infinite means and opportunities to do so. Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model - correct answers Explains how the inherent qualities of a child and the characteristics of the external environment which the child finds himself in interact to influence how the child will grow and develop (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem) Microsystem - correct answers The system closest to the person and the one in which they have direct contact --home, school, caregivers Mesosystem - correct answers The interactions between the different parts of a person's microsystem ---interaction between person's parent and teacher Exosystem - correct answers A setting that does not involve the person as an active participant, but still affects them --- person's parents losing their job
Macrosystem - correct answers The culture of the involved person --- socioeconomic, race, ethnicity Chronosystem - correct answers Transitions and shifts in one's life span --- divorce Hierarchy of Needs - correct answers Humans are motivated by needs. There are 5 levels of need. When one has been fulfilled, a human seeks the next level. One must satisfy the basic needs before moving to the higher, growth needs.
- Basic needs
- Security
- Love
- Esteem/Self-esteem
- Self-actualization Basic Needs (Hierarchy of Needs) - correct answers air water sleep food
Authentic Assessment - correct answers Assess a student's ability to perform a real- world task.
- Writing task/experiment
- Science experiment
- Give a speech, presentation, or performance
- Long term project
- Using math to buy an item with exact change Object Permanence - correct answers Things still continue to exist even when they are out of our sight Sensorimotor Stage of Cognitive Development - Age Range? - correct answers Birth - 2 Years Old What are the substages of the Sensorimotor Stage of Cognitive Development? - correct answers 1. Inborn Reflexes
- Primary Circular Reactions
- Secondary Circular Reactions
- Coordination of Reactions
- Tertiary Circular Reaction
- Early Representational Thought
Schema - correct answers Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the environment in categories or classes of things Assimilation - correct answers When we can fit something new into an existing schema Accommodation - correct answers We either modify that schema or form a new schema Adaptation - correct answers The ability to adjust to new information and experiences Adaptation occurs through assimilation and/or accommodation Conservation - correct answers Cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances retain their properties of numbers or amount even when their configuration changes Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - Age Range? - correct answers 2 - 6 Years old Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - Characteristics? - correct answers • Symbolic representation during pretend/make-believe play
- Not yet capable of performing mental "operations"
- Intuitive thinking, not following logical steps
- Egocentric
Animism - correct answers Assigning human qualities, feelings, and actions to inanimate objects Magical Thinking - correct answers Attributing cause and effect relationships between their own feelings and thoughts and environments events where none exists 1st Stage of Growth and Development in Art - correct answers • THE SCRIBBLE STAGE
- 2 - 4 Years Old
- First make uncontrolled scribbles, then controlled scribbling, then progress to naming their scribbles to indicate what they represent 2nd Stage of Growth and Development in Art - correct answers • THE PRESCHEMATIC STAGE
- 4 - 7 Years Old
- Begin to develop a visual schema 3rd Stage of Growth and Development in Art - correct answers • THE SCHEMATIC STAGE
- 7 - 9 Years Old
- Drawings depicts more accurate physical proportions and colors 4th Stage of Growth and Development in Art - correct answers • DRAWING REALISM
- 9 - 11 Years Old
- Drawings become increasingly representational
5th Stage of Growth and Development in Art - correct answers • PSEUDOREALISTIC STAGE
- 11 - 13 Years Old
- Reflect their ability to reason 6th Stage of Growth and Development in Art - correct answers • DECISION STAGE
- 14+ Years Old
- Reflecting on the adolescent identity crisis Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences focuses primarily on which of the following aspects of education? - correct answers The various ways in which children think and learn. What is a major role of assessment in the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA)? - correct answers Clarifying the standards assessed on the PSSA to support the students' learning of essential skills and knowledge. A student who is an English language learner who qualifies for migrant education services joins a second-grade class partly into the school year. The teacher is preparing to administer a variety of informal assessments to the student. Which of the following teacher goals should be the main focus of these assessments? - correct answers Identifying any specific weaknesses in the student's academic knowledge and skills.
Children who demonstrate typical language development most often begin using two- word utterances between the ages of: - correct answers 18 to 24 months. A fourth-grade teacher uses a variety of techniques, including questioning and journal prompts, to check for students' understanding of content-area instruction. Which of the following outcomes is likely to be the most important benefit of this strategy? - correct answers Helping the teacher identify areas where students may need additional reinforcement. A kindergarten teacher frequently uses home-school notebooks to communicate with families about their children's progress. For example, the teacher and family of one student recently used such a notebook to keep one another informed about the student's progress in mastering specific self-help skills. This approach is likely to be most effective in promoting which of the following outcomes? - correct answers Establishing partnerships with families in the assessment of their children's learning and development. 6 Months Old Communication Development - Characteristics? - correct answers • Respond to hearing their name
- Turn their heads and eyes towards the sources of human voices they hear
- Respond accordingly to friendly and angry tones of voice 12 Months Old Communication Development - Characteristics? - correct answers • Understand and follow simple directions, especially when accompanied by physical and/or vocal cues
- Intentionally use one or more words with the correct meaning
18 Months Old Communication Development - Characteristics? - correct answers • Acquired a vocabulary of 5 to 20 words
- Use nouns in their speech most of the time
- Likely to repeat words/phrases over and over
- Able to follow simple verbal commands 2 Years Old Communication Development - Characteristics? - correct answers • Acquired a vocabulary of about 150 to 300 words
- Name various familiar objects found in their environment
- Ability to use at least 2 prepositions in their speech (in, on, and/or under)
- Combine the words they know into short sentences
- Use pronouns 3 Years Old Communication Development - Characteristics? - correct answers • Acquired vocabularies of between 900 and 1,000 words
- Use verbs more frequently
- Apply past tenses to some verbs and plurals to some nouns
- Use at least 3 prepositions
- Can name the major body parts
- Tells others their name, age, and sex
- Can tell about their experiences in ways that adults can generally follow 4 Years Old Communication Development - Characteristics? - correct answers • Name animals familiar to them
Print Awareness - correct answers • Realize that spoken language is represented by the markings on the paper
- Understand that the information in printed books adults read comes from the words, not the pictures
- Realize the print serves different functions within different contexts
- Knowledge of how print is organized Environmental Print - correct answers All the print we see in everyday life i.e. street signs, traffic signs, store names, candy wrappers, food labels, product logos Locus of Control - correct answers It refers to the place (locus) where we attribute causes for outcomes we experience, either externally or internally. External Locus Control - correct answers Successes or failures result from external factors beyond our control i.e. luck, fate, teachers who are unfair, bias Internal Locus Control - correct answers The belief that events in one's life, whether good or bad, are caused by controllable factors i.e. our motivation, our effort, attitude
Freud's Theory of Personality Development - 5 Stages - correct answers 1. Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latency
- Genital Oral Stage of Personality Development - correct answers • 0-18 Months Old
- Focus of pleasure is the mouth as they suck to nurse If oral fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking, or nail biting. Anal Stage of Personality Development - correct answers • 18-36 Months Old
- Focus of pleasure sensations is on the anus as they are engaged in toilet training Phallic Stage of Personality Development - correct answers • 3-6 Years Old
- Focus of pleasure is on the genitals as children discover these Latency Stage of Personality Development - correct answers • 6 Years Old-Puberty
- Children repress their sexual impulses, deferring them while their cognitive and social skills take priority
