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PECT PREK4 MODULE 1 EXAM AND STUDY
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Assesses to see if a student needs specialized assistance or services for developmental, physical, cognitive, or academic needs. Checks to see if students are learning basic skills or if there are delays. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Screening Assesses a student's ability to perform REAL WORLD tasks -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Authentic/Performance Assessment Science experiment, give a speech, presentation, or performance, long- term project, using math to buy an item with exact change. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Examples of Authentic/Performance Assessment IQ tests, SAT, ACT -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Examples of Normative/ Norm-referenced assessment Measures a student's performance against a specific goal, objective, or standard. Designed to measure the results of instruction. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Criterion-Referenced Assessment AP exams, Unit-Midterms/Final Exams -----CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- Examples of Criterion-referenced assessments
Piaget's cognitive development theory. Children in the Preoperational stage are unable to look (both emotionally and concretely) from another's viewpoint. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Egocentrism Piaget's cognitive development theory. Emerges during Concrete Operation Stage. Able to understand that mental concepts/relationships can be reversed. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Reversability Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Emerges during the Concrete Operational Stage. Children can focus on more than one part of the problem at once. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Decentration Piaget's theory of cognitive development. People cannot be given information which then they immediately can understand and use. Instead, they have to "construct" knowledge through experience. As they construct knowledge, they build schemas (mental models) -----CORRECT ANSWER- --------------Constructivism Piaget. Both the mental and physical actions involved in understanding and knowing. Categories of knowledge that helps us to interpret and understand the world. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Schemas Piaget. The process of taking in new information into our previously existing schemas. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Assimilation
When something new cannot be assimilated into an existing schema; either modify the schema or form a new schema. -----CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------Accommodation What constitutes the process of adaptation? -----CORRECT ANSWER------- --------Assimilation and Accommodation Why do babies and children form schemas? -----CORRECT ANSWER------- --------It is how they learn about themselves and the world through interactions with their bodies and the environment. The cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances retain their properties of #'s or amount even when their appearance, shape, or configuration changes. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Conservation What are the substages of Piaget's sensorimotor stage? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------1. Inborn reflexes
- Primary Circular reactions
- Secondary circular reactions
- Coordination or reactions
- Tertiary circular reaction
- Earl representational thought At what age are children in the sensory-motor stage? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Birth to 2 years old What do children in the sensorimotor stage learn? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------------They learn through environmental input they receive
through their sense, motor actions they engage in, and through feedback they receive from their bodies and the environment about their actions.
- Learn through repeated experiences. What is a sign that a child has developed object permanence? ----- CORRECT ANSWER---------------If they search for the object after it is moved or hidden. Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the environment in categories or classes of things. -----CORRECT ANSWER--------------- schema The idea that things continue to exist even when they are out of sight. ----- CORRECT ANSWER---------------object permanence What are the characteristics of the concrete operational stage? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------------Ability to think logically
- Trouble understanding abstract concepts or hypothetical situations
- Apply logical sequence and cause and effect to things they can see, feel, and manipulate.
- Can conserve
- Develop proficiency in inductive logic
- Reversibility The ability to reverse an action or operation. -----CORRECT ANSWER------- --------reversibility
Help find students who are below the norm in certain areas, or students who are at risk before diagnosing. -----CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Screening Tests (Pre-Assessment) Provide teachers with students prior knowledge and misconceptions before a learning activity sets baseline for how much learning has taken place from beginning to end. "journaling; KWL" -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Diagnostic Assessment Monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning low stakes-lower no point value. "draw a concepts map, one or two sentence showing main idea" ----- CORRECT ANSWER---------------Formative Assessment Focusing on only one property at a time. -----CORRECT ANSWER------------ ---centration What age do children understand their environment through inborn reflexes? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------From birth to 1 month old What are Piaget's stages of development? -----CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational
What are the implications in the classroom? -----CORRECT ANSWER------- ---------When solving problems, depend mainly on how things look, sound, smell, feel, and taste.
- Should always be given concrete objects that they can explore with in any learning experience Stages of language development -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------- Babbling 3-9 months by 5 month adds consonants
- single words 10-13 months
- Two words utterances 18 months. Nouns and verbs
- Multi-words sentences 2 years When children play freely. They organize the games themselves. Helps language skills, thinking skills, fine motor, large motor, creative skills, and social skills. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Spontaneous Play At what Piaget's stage can children begin to decentrate? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Concrete Operational At what age are children in the concrete operational stage? -----CORRECT ANSWER--------------- 6 - 11 years Evaluate students learning at the end of an instructional learning by comparing it against a standard or benchmark. "midterm; final project" -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Summative Assessment
An approach to linking instruction with assessment CBA has three purposes: 1.Determine eligibility 2.Develop the goals for instruction 3.Evaluate the students progress in the curriculum -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Curriculum based assessment Measure students learning performance against a fixed set of predetermined learning standards. Determine if students have gained certain skills have to meet certain standard, learning skills can be proficient. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Criterion-referenced test Test that are designed to compare and rank test takers in relation to one another. Report whether test takers peform better or worse than an average student. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Norm referenced approach Steps for the Language experience approach -----CORRECT ANSWER----- ----------Shared experience, creating the text, read and revise, read and reread, extension Family is always changing, self-organizing
- Adapting to its member
- the outside environment -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Family system approach Role of gen-ed teacher in IEP -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------- Communicate and work as a team
- Observe and record behaviors
- Describe performance and behavior
- Describe process, weakness, and needs in appropriate language.
- Acceptance and willingness
- Try new approaches
- Ask for additional help Provide a structure to meet diverse needs. Can be customized to meet individual student needs. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Universal design for learning Starts with classroom outcomes, then plans Stage 1: Identify results establish goals, and what students will know. Stage 2: plan performance tasks. Stage 3: List learning activities. -----CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Understanding by design Levels of temporary support that help students reach higher levels of comprehension. Incrementally removed. -----CORRECT ANSWER------------ ---Scaffolding
- Look @ childs records within 5 days
- right to evaluations
- be in any meeting
- right for different evaluation if you don't like districts evaluation
- child's rights are protected when parents aren't known
- you can file complaint. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Legal rights of families and students in the IEP process FERPA (Family educational rights and privacy act)
- Parents have the right to inspect records.
- Have right to request to fix records
12 years and older
- Logically use symbols related to abstract concepts
- Think of multiple variables in systematic ways Continuations of intellectual development depends on knowledge accumulation -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Formal Operational Level 1: Obedience and punishment: behavior driven by avoiding punishment Individual interest: behavior driven by self-interest and rewards Level 2: Interpersonal: behavior driven by social approval Authority: behavior driven by obeying authority and conforming to social order. Level 3: Social Contract: behavior driven by balance of social order and individual rights. Universal ethics: behavior driven by internal moral principles. ----- CORRECT ANSWER---------------Kholbergs 6 stages of moral development Authority is outside the individual and reasoning based on physical consequences. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Level 1: Preconventional morality Adolescents and adults
- internalize standards of role models
- Authority is internalized
- Good interpersonal relationships
- Maintaining social order. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Level 2: Conventional Morality
- Individual judgement is based on individual rights
- knows rules might exist for good/will work against the interest of particular individuals
- they have developed their own set or moral guidelines. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Level 3: Post-conventional morality
- Students should not be disciplined the same.
- Take moral development in part
- Might makes right
- "What's in it for me?"
- "How can I please you?"
- "I behave because it is the right thing to do."
- Work through the stages -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Bud Churchward: Discipline by design
- Construct their own knowledge through interactions with the world and the people around them. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------High-scope
- Made book that investigated how children develop and understanding of the underlying grammatical structure of their native language and how they use this skill to interpret sentences of increasing complexity as they get older. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Carol Chomsky
- All activities are educational
- Mixed age classrooms
- Students choose activities
- Uninterrupted blocks of work time
- Students learn concepts from working with materials
- freedom of movement. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Montessori Schools
Humans are motivated by needs. There are 5 levels of need. When one has been fulfilled, a human seeks the next level. One must satisfy the basic needs before moving to the higher, growth needs.
- Biological and Physiological needs: air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep.
- Safety needs: protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
- Love and belongingness needs: friendship, intimacy, affection and love - from work group, family, friends, romantic relationships.
- Esteem needs: achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others.
- Self Actualization needs: realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. -----CORRECT ANSWER-- -------------Maslow's Hierarchy of needs First to develop after birth. Includes gross and fine motor, sensory, perceptional. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Domains of Early Childhood Development: Physical The ability to build and maintain relationships. Includes cooperative play, conflict resolution, empathy, manners, and fairness, Ability to recognize own emotions. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Domains of early Childhood Development: Social/Emotional The ability to think, reason, and learn. This includes cause-and-effect, early-math skills, counting, and patterning. -----CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------Domains of Early Childhood Development: Cognitive The ability to understand the spoken word and express herself verbally. Can have back-and-forth conversation. -----CORRECT ANSWER------------- --Domains of early childhood development: Language
Everything a child need to know to be independent: learning to dress oneself, feed oneself, using the toilet, brushing teeth, bathing, tying shoes. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Domains of early childhood development self-held/adaptive Moving the small muscles in coordination with the eyes. Activities to develop: putting together puzzles with small pieces, peg board games, painting, drawing, cutting, stringing, and lacing activities, construction and building sets like Legos, buttons, snaps, and tying. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Fine Motor Development Moving the large muscle groups. Activities to develop: walking on their toes or heels; walking with toes pointed in or out; walking or moving like a certain animal;plying kickball, basketball, or skating, swinging, sliding, climbing on monkey bars; balancing while walking along a curb; walking while balancing a book on the head; jumping, doing jumping jacks, and jumping over obstacles. Participating in sports groups. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Gross Motor Development Children learn through interaction with others/society and culture (as opposed to Piaget, who saw learning as a self-directed activity with universal stages). Others informally and formally convey meaning about the world. Children can achieve more through help. Actual development (What they can achieve independently) and level of potential development (What the can achieve with help.) -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Vygotsky's Theory of Socioculture Cognitive Development Vygotsky. Upper limit of tasks a child can perform individually. ----- CORRECT ANSWER---------------Actual Development
balance between eagerness for more adventure and more responsibility, and learning to control impulses and childish fantasies. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Erikson Stage 3: Age 2-6 (Early Childhood) Competence (Industry) vs. Inferiority: School is the important event at this stage. Children learn to make things, use tools, and acquire the skills to be a worker and a potential provider. And they do all these while making the transition from the world of home into the world of peers. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Erikson Stage 4: Age 6-12 (Elementary and Middle School) Identity vs. Role Confusion: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Erikson Stage 5: Adolescence 12-18 years Intimacy vs. Isolation: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation. -----CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----Erikson Stage 6: 19 to 40 years (Young Adulthood) Generativity vs. Stagnation: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment in the world. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------------Erikson Stage 7: 40 to 65 years (Middle Adulthood) Ego Integrity vs Despair: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while
failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair. -----CORRECT ANSWER--- ------------Erikson Stage 8: 65 to death (Maturity)
