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Nursing Care for Children: A Comprehensive Guide to Pediatric Nursing, Cheat Sheet of Pediatrics

Jacksonville University (JU)Pediatrics

A comprehensive overview of nursing care for children, covering a wide range of topics from immunizations and disease prevention to managing chronic conditions and providing psychosocial support. It includes detailed information on priority findings, interventions, and teaching points for various pediatric conditions, making it a valuable resource for nursing students and professionals.

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2021/2022

Uploaded on 03/26/2025

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Blue Prints Final Peds
Immunizations for a client with has sickle cell: prevent infection by administering pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type B
Priority findings to report for a brain tumor: change in LOC, n/v, sleepiness, hearing, vision or
speech changes, personality changes, balance problems (ataxia) and increased head size
Caring for a School-Age Child Who Is Experiencing Anaphylaxis
-Page 116
Diseases: Nationally Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Infections
•Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and chancroid, mycoplasma Genitalium
Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Priority Action for Major Depressive
Disorder
-Plan care that is individualized
-Obtain health history and growth and development information
-Assess for substance use
-Assess for actual or potential risk to self (including a suicide plan, lethality of the plan,
and the means to carry out the plan)
-Assist with coping strategies
-Encourage peer group discussions, mentoring, and counseling
-Interview the child
Health Promotion of School-Age Children (6 to 12 Years): Teaching About Bicycle Safety
-Page 30
Health Promotion of Infants (2 Days to 1 Year): Teaching About Home Safety, injury prevention
-Page 18
Professional Responsibilities: Caring for a Child Who Has Pertussis Pg 236
-Page 264 in Pink Book
Acute Neurologic Disorders: Indications to Discontinue Droplet Precautions
-After 24hr with antibiotics/Can discontinue 24hr after starting antibiotics
Organ Neoplasms: Room Assignment Following Removal of Wilms' Tumor
-Page 249. Place with a patient that is healthy and has no infection since the patient may
have radiation therapy or chemo after de removal of the tumor and kidney.
Safe Administration of Medication: Restraining Methods for an Infant
-Page 39
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Blue Prints Final Peds Immunizations for a client with has sickle cell: prevent infection by administering pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type B Priority findings to report for a brain tumor: change in LOC, n/v, sleepiness, hearing, vision or speech changes, personality changes, balance problems (ataxia) and increased head size Caring for a School-Age Child Who Is Experiencing Anaphylaxis

  • Page 116 Diseases: Nationally Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and chancroid, mycoplasma Genitalium Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Priority Action for Major Depressive Disorder
  • Plan care that is individualized
  • Obtain health history and growth and development information
  • Assess for substance use
  • Assess for actual or potential risk to self (including a suicide plan, lethality of the plan, and the means to carry out the plan)
  • Assist with coping strategies
  • Encourage peer group discussions, mentoring, and counseling
  • Interview the child Health Promotion of School-Age Children (6 to 12 Years): Teaching About Bicycle Safety
  • Page 30 Health Promotion of Infants (2 Days to 1 Year): Teaching About Home Safety, injury prevention
  • Page 18 Professional Responsibilities: Caring for a Child Who Has Pertussis Pg 236
  • Page 264 in Pink Book Acute Neurologic Disorders: Indications to Discontinue Droplet Precautions
  • After 24hr with antibiotics/Can discontinue 24hr after starting antibiotics Organ Neoplasms: Room Assignment Following Removal of Wilms' Tumor
  • Page 249. Place with a patient that is healthy and has no infection since the patient may have radiation therapy or chemo after de removal of the tumor and kidney. Safe Administration of Medication: Restraining Methods for an Infant
  • Page 39

Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Planning Care for a Child Who Has Autism Spectrum Disorder

  • Page 293 Health Promotion of Adolescents (12 to 20 Years): Expected Developmental Changes During Early Adolescence
  • Page 33 Health Promotion of Toddlers (1 to 3 Years): Reportable Findings
  • Height: 3in/year
  • Chest and head circumference 1:
  • Posterior fontanel closes at 2-3 month and anterior at 12-18 months
  • Birth weight x4 by 30 months of age
  • Millstones Cancer Screening and Diagnostic Procedures: Teaching About Testicular Self-Examination
  • Examine between your thumb and forefinger
  • Usually undertaken at home while standing in front of a mirror and after having a warm bath or shower
  • Perform once a month after a shower
  • Report lump, swelling, or heaviness of one testicle to your physician and a small rope- like structure is normal Immunizations: Teaching About Initial Immunization for a 12-Month Old Infant
  • PVC13: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
  • MMR: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
  • Varicella
  • Hep A Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Indicators of Child Abuse
  • Page 295 Death and Dying: Age-Appropriate Response to Death
  • Page 240 in Pink Book Cognitive and Sensory Impairments: Facilitating Communication With a Child Who Has Hearing Loss
  • Page 77 Bowel Elimination: Evaluating Teaching About Encopresis
  • In power point slide 25 Fractures: Managing Care for a Client Who Has a Halo Vest Traction Device
  • Page 171
  • Do not give to severely immunocompromised, pregnant or has received a treatment that provide acquired passive immunity (blood products) within 3 months Cardiovascular Disorders: Evaluating Parent Understanding of Digoxin Administration
  • Take pulse prior to administration, withhold if HR <90 in infants and <70 in children
  • Administer every 12hr
  • Administer directly to the side or back of the mouth
  • Give water following administration to prevent tooth decay since is very sweet
  • If a dose is missed do not give an extra dose it increase the next dose
  • If the child vomits, do not re-administer the dose
  • Observe for manifestations of toxicity: Bradycardia, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, dysrhythmias
  • Keep medication in a locked cabinet Intravenous Therapy: Planning Antibiotic Therapy for an Infant Miscellaneous Pain Medications: Preparing to Apply Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream
  • Available in cream or gel
  • Used for any procedure in which the skin will be punctured (IV insertion, biopsy) 60 min prior to a superficial puncture
  • Place occlusive dressing over the cream after application
  • Prior to procedure, remove the dressing and clean the skin. Indication of an adequate response is reddened or blanched skin
  • Demostrate to the child that the skin is not sensitiy by trapping or scretching lightly
  • Instruc parents to pply medication at home prior to the preceodures Physical Assessment Findings: Identifying Reportable Findings Temperature: 36.5-37.5 – Average of 37 HR: RR:
  • Newborn to 1 month: 110-160 30-
  • 1 month to 1 year: 90-160 25-
  • 1 year to 2 years: 80-140 25-
  • 3 years to 5 years: 70-120 20-
  • 6 years to 12 years: 60-110 20-
  • 13 years to 18 years: 50-100 16- BP:
  • Newborn (birth to 1 month): 64/
  • Infant (1 month to 1 year): 85/
  • The rest: Systolic round the 80 and 90 and Diastolic around the 40 and 60
  • Adolescent equal to adults <120/< Acute Neurologic Disorders: Positioning for Lumbar Puncture
  • Page 60

Diabetes Mellitus: Priority Finding for an Adolescent Who Has Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

  • Hypoglycemia: BG < Hunger, lightheadedness, and shakiness Headache Anxiety and irritability Pallor, cool skin Diaphoresis Irritability Normal or shallow respirations Tachycardia and palpitations Strange or unusual feelings Decreasing level of consciousness Difficulty in thinking and inability to concentrate Change in emotional behavior Slurred speech Headaches and blurred vision Seizures leading to coma
  • Hyperglycemia: BG > Thirst Polyuria (early), oliguria (late) Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain Skin that is warm, dry, and flushed with poor turgor Dry mucous membranes Confusion Weakness Lethargy Weak pulse Diminished reflexes Rapid, deep respirations with acetone/fruity odor due to ketones (Kussmaul Respirations) Recurrent vaginal yeast (early indication of type 2) Oxygen and Inhalation Therapy: Performing Tracheostomy Care
  • Page 16
  • Asses/Monitor: oxygenation, ventilation, respiratory rate, effort, SaO2, and vital signs every 1hr
  • Assess thickness, quantity, odor, and color of mucous secretions
  • Assess the stoma and skin surrounding the stoma for manifestations of inflammation or infection (redness, swelling, or drainage
  • Provide adequate humidification and hydration to thin secretions and decrease the risk of mucus plugging
  • Suctioning only as often as necessary to maintain patency of the tube. Do not suction routinely. This can cause mucosal damage, bleeding, and bronchispasm
  • Assess/monitor the needs for suctioning. Suction when: audible/noisy secretions, crackles, restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia, and mucus in the airway
  • Maintain surgical aseptic technique when suctioning to prevent infection
  • Provide emotional support to the child and guardians
  • Administer analgesics for pain
  • Assess surgical site for bleeding or any other abnormalities
  • Assess bowel sounds and bowel function
  • Administer IV fluids and antibiotics
  • Maintain NPO status
  • Maintain NG tube to low continuous suction
  • Observe for manifestations of infection Complications of Infants: Creating a Plan of Care for a Toddler Who Is Recovering Following a Routine Surgical Procedure
  • Incentive spirometer: blow bubbles Musculoskeletal Congenital Disorders: Teaching a Guardian About a Pavlik Harness
  • Page 177 Burns: Nursing Interventions
  • Page 208 Cardiovascular Disorders: Identifying the Location of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Acute and Infectious Respiratory Illnesses: Caring for a Child Following a Tonsillectomy

  • Page 91 Cystic Fibrosis: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Chest Physiotherapy Treatments
  • Done to loosen respiratory secretions and move them into the central airways, where they can be eliminated by coughing or suctioning to rid excessive secretions from specific areas of the lungs.
  • Discontinue the procedure if the child report faintness or dizziness
  • Perform lung auscultation and assess the amount, color, and character of the expectorated secretions
  • Document interventions and repeat the procedure as prescribed (typically three or four times per day) Acute Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders: Expected Findings of Gastroenteritis
  • Fatigue
  • Malaise
  • Change in behavior
  • Change in stool pattern
  • Poor appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Pain
  • Dehydration
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Stool examination w/ +culture ova, parasite or bacteria
  • ELISA + for rotavirus or giardia Acute Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders: Expected Findings for Severe Dehydration
  • Weight loss >10%
  • Capillary refill >4s
  • Tachycardia
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Extreme thirst
  • Very dry mucous membranes and tented skin
  • Hyperpnea
  • No tearing with sunken eyeballs
  • Sunken anterior fontanel
  • Oliguria or anuria Cardiovascular Disorders: Expected Findings of Heart Failure (Pink book page 242)
  • Impaired myocardial function
  • Sweating
  • Tachycardia
  • Pallor
  • Cool extremities
  • Weak pulses
  • Hypotension
  • Gallop rhythm
  • Cardiomegaly Left side:
  • Tachypnea
  • Dyspnea
  • Retractions
  • Nasal flaring
  • Grunting
  • Wheezing
  • Cyanosis
  • Cough
  • Orthopnea
  • Exercise intolerance Right side:
  • Reinforce skin and perineal care with pica cast
  • Instruct the client not to place ay foreign objects inside the cast to avoid trauma to the skin
  • Reinforce use of proper restraints when transporting the client in any vehicle
  • Teach the client and parents about cast removal and cast cutter
  • Notify the provider immediately of any hot or soft sports the casts, change in sensation or increased pain
  • Cleanse with damp cloth if becomes soiled
  • Instruct the client to soak the extremity in warm water and then apply lotion after the cast has been removed. Blood Neoplasms: Identifying Effective Treatment for a Child Who Has Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is used in children who have ALL after second remission. In general, chemotherapy and radiation are also options.
  • The blood-forming stem cells generally are donated by another person
  • Coordinate administration of high-dose chemotherapy and possible full-body radiation
  • Administer donor stem cell via IV infusion
  • Implement protective isolation: private, positive-pressure room, at least 12 air exchanges/hr, HEPA filtration for incoming air, respirator mask, gloves, and gowns and no dried or fresh flowers, and no potted plants
  • Th child is at increased risk for infection and bleeding until transfused stem cells grow. HIV/AIDS: Evaluating Parent Understanding
  • Know that the condition is chronic and there is no cure
  • Lifelong medication
  • Notify when: headache, fever, lethargy, warmth, tenderness, redness joint, and neck stiffness
  • Perform safe practice when using needles/syringes and administration of medication
  • Educate in the transmission of HIV
  • Encourage balance diet that is high in calories and protein, give nutritional supplements and ask for their favorite foods
  • Good oral care and report abnormalities
  • Keep child skin clean and dry
  • Pain management, pharmacological and non-pharmacological
  • Prevent infection: encourage deep breathing and coughing, maintain good hand hygiene, teach the child and parents to avoid individuals who have colds, infection, and viruses
  • Encourage immunization: pneumococcal vaccine and yearly seasonal influenza vaccine
  • All children infected with HIV need to be tested annually Burns: Findings to Report for a Toddler Who Has a Full-Thickness Burn
  • With full-thickness there is damage to the nerve ending, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
  • Monitor manifestation of septic shock and notify: alterations in sensorium (confusion), increased capillary refill, spiking fever, mottled or cool extremities, decreased bowel sound, tachycardia, tachypnea, and decreased urine output
  • Notify with manifestation of infection Pediatric Emergencies: Priority Action for Submersion Injury
  • Administer oxygen, can need mechanical ventilation
  • Monitor v/s
  • Administer medications, IV fluids, and emergency medication as prescribed
  • Provide chest physiotherapy
  • Monitor for complications that can occur 24hr after incident (cerebral edema, respiratory distress)
  • Use a calm approach with the child and family
  • Keep the family informed of the child’s status
  1. ABC’s
  2. IV fluids
  3. Warming child up slowly Acute and Infectious Respiratory Illnesses: Caring for a Child Who Has Epiglottitis
  • Protect airway
  • Avoid throat culture or using a tongue blade
  • Prepare for intubation
  • Provide humidified oxygen
  • Monitor for continuous oximetry
  • Administer corticosteroids, and IV fluids as prescribed
  • Administer antibiotics therapy starting with IV, then transition to oral to complete a 10- day course, as prescribed
  • Droplet isolation precautions for first 24hr after IV antibiotics initiated Cancer Disorders: Manifestations of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
  • Enlarge lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) cervical or supraclavicular
  • Fever, night sweats, unplanned weight loss, fatigue, and infections
  • Cough, abdominal pain, discomfort and anorexia Dosage Calculation