Download Pediatric primary care burns TEST BANK 2025 with 600+ Questions and Verified Answers and more Exams Pediatrics in PDF only on Docsity!
Pediatric primary care burns TEST BANK 2025
with 600+ Questions and Verified Answers
How long is exclusive BF recommended? - correct answer>>first 6 months How quickly should BF be initiated? - correct answer>>within 30 mins of birth There are many illnesses that are less likely to occur if babe is breastfed, what are these? - correct answer>>gastro, NEC, AOM, LRTIs, asthma, atopy, DM, SIDS, leukemia Benefits to mother from BF: - correct answer>>rapid return to non-preg state, strong bond, decreased br/ovarian Ca, decreased metabolic syndrome, NIDDM, and PPD Contraindications of BF - correct answer>>galactosemia, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, TB, Ca or Ca tmt, HIV, nipple herpes What is in colostrum - correct answer>>immunoglobulins/antibodies Colostrum higher or lower fat than milk? - correct answer>>lower Colostrum facilitates the passage of? - correct answer>>meconium What is breastmilk low in? - correct answer>>vit D, iron
At what point in pregnancy is a woman capable of milk production? - correct answer>>20 wks What hormone triggers letdown reflex? - correct answer>>oxytocin What is mammogenesis? - correct answer>>growth and development of the mammary gland in preparation for milk production Frequency of feedings of newborn? - correct answer>> 8 - 12 after first 24 hrs Duration of feedings of newborn? - correct answer>> 20 - 45 mins after first 24 hrs How long is breastmilk good for in fridge? - correct answer>>8 days How long if breastmilk good for in cooler? - correct answer>>24 hrs How long is breastmilk good for in freezer? - correct answer>>3 mos Recommendations for breastfeeding toddlers? - correct answer>>after meal, not on demand, if tandem feed infant first, brush teeth after, tell dentist breastfeeding Infant wt loss after birth - correct answer>> 5 - 8% of body wt normal neonate daily average wt gain - correct answer>>0.5-1 ounce (14-28g)
Mgmt mastitis: - correct answer>>empty breast, frequent nursing, analgesics, abx if needed, rest, warm showers, increase fluids Red flag progression of mastitis? - correct answer>>abscess/septicemia When does elevated bili peak in breast milk jaundice? - correct answer>>occurs 7- 10 day and peaks on 10-15th How much water loss can be life threatening to a child? - correct answer>>10% What does sodium regulate in the body? - correct answer>>ECF volume, osmolarity, acid-base balance, membrane potential of cells How is sodium lost out of body? - correct answer>>vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration Role of potassium in the body? - correct answer>>helps maintain intracellular homeostasis, muscle contractility, transmission of nerve impulses Severe deficit of potassium can cause? - correct answer>>cardiac dysrhythmias/death What is the role of chloride in the body? - correct answer>>function with sodium to maintain fluid/electrolyte balance Proteins, enzymes, and hormones are synthesized from? - correct answer>>amino acids
Monosaccharides are simple or complex carbs? - correct answer>>simple Disaccharides are simple or complex carbs? - correct answer>>complex Role of fat in diet? - correct answer>>energy, vitamin absorption, maintain cell membrane and myelin Two essential fatty acids are? - correct answer>>Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (LA and ALA) fat soluble vitamins - correct answer>>DAKE, absorbed in intestines, require bile, store for a long time in tissue Water soluble vits - correct answer>>Cs and Bs, only store small amts, if intake too high absorption decreases, require daily intake How much vit d should a breastfed babe have? - correct answer>>400 IU daily When should fluoride be given to a babe? - correct answer>>at 6 months if not in water What is an important consideration when adding food to a breastfed babe's diet?
- correct answer>>iron-fortified What is advice regarding comfort feeding? - correct answer>>avoid
What BMI percentile is considered overweight? - correct answer>> 85 - 95th What BMI percentile is considered obese? - correct answer>>95th or higher Primary goal of pediatric wt management? - correct answer>>normalize, not reduce Complications of obesity in children? - correct answer>>Hypertension obstructive sleep apnea , OSA, orthopedic issues, depression, suicide How long should a food recall or diary be kept for assessment? - correct answer>>3 days Children aged 5 to 9 who have contact with same or opposite sexes, play sex games, or idea about sex - parents should be? - correct answer>>parents should avoid being overly alarmed if they witness this play. parents can redirect play At around what AGE do children giggle and learn more about SEX and sexuality? - correct answer>>Age 8 At what age does self-stimulation as a result of sexual reflexes due to sexual fantasies, behavior and relationships? - correct answer>> 10 - 12 year olds The biggest reason adolescents do not seek healthcare for sexual education is due to? - correct answer>>Confidentiality
How should you ask an adolescent with concrete cognitive abilities about sexual history? - correct answer>>"Have you ever had a romantic relationship with a boy or a girl" "Define Sex" Early Adolescents (age 12 to 14) are concrete thinkers and cannot get to the abstract thought of "what if". How should sexual education be given to them? - correct answer>>Use pictures and direct questions and statements Use simple concert terms when counseling Mid-adolescents (age 15 to 17) are starting to understand abstract concepts, but will often refresh to concrete thinking in stressful situations. How should the provider speak to them? - correct answer>>They need to adjust the approach to mid-adolescents accordingly, help them to identify the inconsistencies in their thought processes and guide them through to the logical consequences. how often should a helmet be replaced? - correct answer>>every 5 years or sooner For athletes, which carbohydrates are preferred? - correct answer>>complex carbs - fruits, nuts, cereals, grains, pasta, dried beans. Refrain from Simple carbs - sugars Why are complex carbs better than simple carbs? - correct answer>>complex carbs do not cause the rapid rise in blood glucose levels with resultant insulin rebound like simple carbs do.
- Squat test
- Lumbar ROM/Scoliosis
- Tip/Toe Calf Symmetry What cardiovascular examinations should be done for sports physical? (4) - correct answer>>Auscultate for heart murmur (sitting/lying/standing) Femoral Pulses Marfan's Sx's Bilateral blood pressure How is Exercise induced Asthma typically manifested? - correct answer>>occurs during or minutes after vigorous activity, Reaches peak 5-10min after activity How is Exercise Induced Asthma managed? - correct answer>>perform warm-up drills and cool downs
- short acting beta-2 agonists 15 to 30 min before sports activity (Duration lasts up to 6 hours) Why would a squat to stand Cardiac auscultation show a murmur? - correct answer>>Increases venous return to the heart, thus increasing left ventricular size and stroke volume. What would be indicated if patient has Softer murmur with squatting and Louder with Standing and Valsalva Maneuver? - correct answer>>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or mitral valve prolapse must be ruled out
What occurs with people WITHOUT diabetes when they exercise? - correct answer>>exercise leads to decreased plasma insulin levels and increased glucagon that triggers hepatic glucose production. What happens with Type 1 diabetics when they exercise? Pathophys? - correct answer>>diabetic individuals who have too little insulin in their system exercise can trigger release of high levels of glucose and Keytone bodies, leading to hyperglycemia and eventually DKA What is the most concerning clinical issue with infectious mononucleosis? - correct answer>>Splenomegaly How long should nothing stay out for sports if they are diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis? - correct answer>>Three weeks About 15% of children with down syndrome can have what? - correct answer>>Atlantoaxial or anlanto-occipital instability *anomaly of the Cervical vertebrae at the space between C-1 and C- 2 How are asymptomatic cases of Atlantoaxial Instability screen? - correct answer>>by obtaining lateral radiographic views of the C-spine What does the female athlete triad consist of? - correct answer>>1. Disordered eating patterns
- Menstrual dysfunction (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea)
- Osteopenia or osteoporosis
Normal newborn infants weight will do what in the first few days of life? - correct answer>>they'll lose 5-8% of their birthweight One criterion for failure to thrive is? - correct answer>>Lack of return What should happen to infant weight by 6 months and 12 months? - correct answer>>Double and Triple in weight What age should you introduce solid foods? - correct answer>>6 months The mother who is breastfeeding should be discouraged from? - correct answer>>Large amounts of Caffeine from coffee, sodas, or chocolate b/c it is transmitted thru breast milk and can be associated with jitteriness Which drugs should be avoided for breastfeeding that Inhibit Prolactin release? (3) - correct answer>>Antihistamines Estrogen Ergot compounds (headache drugs) What can be done to reduce nipple tenderness? - correct answer>>Rub a few drops of colostrum or hind milk onto nipple and areola after every feeding and let air-dry Which three organisms are most commonly associated with Mastitis? - correct answer>>Staph. Aureus Streptococci Corynebacteria
Which antibiotics are used for mastitis? - correct answer>>Augmentin Dicloxacillin (penicillinase-resistant penicillin) Cefuroxime (Cephalosporin) What is Breast milk (late onset) jaundice? (VERY UNCOMMON) - correct answer>>elevated serum indirect bilirubin w/ peak level occurring on or after the 7th-10th day of life in an infant drinking adequate breast milk No other signs of live abnormality Can mothers with HIV breastfeed? - correct answer>>no, it should be discouraged What is Colostrum? Why is it important? - correct answer>>it is the breast milk that appears yellowish important b/c it is rich in immunoglobulins, especially IgA What is the difference (elimination) between breast milk fed infants versus formula? - correct answer>>Breast fed have many small stools per day in the first weeks of life Frequent Stooling in the neonate is an indicator of adequate breast milk intake What happens with stools from 1st month to 2nd month of life? - correct answer>>Goes from (median) 6 stools per day to --> one stool per day Nearly 40% of infants do not stool daily
What is Stool Toileting Refusal? - correct answer>>present when a child demonstrates a pattern of successfully using the toilet to urinate but refuses to use the toilet for BM's these kids will defecate in diaper, training pants, or pull-ups. OR defecate outside of the stool Regarding nutrition, what is the goal of the pediatric primary health care provider? - correct answer>>To ensure that the child is well nourished How can a pediatric primary health care provider ensure that the child is well nourished? - correct answer>>- Thorough assessments
- Provide relevant education
- Develop clear and appropriate treatment plans
- Refer the child and family to nutritional specialists The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding until ____ - ____ months old. - correct answer>> 4 - 6 months old The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends breastfeeding along with additional supplements until ______ months old. - correct answer>>12 months old What vitamin does the AAP recommend that all breastfed infants get until one year of age. - correct answer>>Vitamin D
The AAP defines ____________________ as the best source of nutrition for the infant. - correct answer>>breast feeding The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that all children
_____ years old be screened for obesity. - correct answer>>6 years old What do the nutritional standards for children emphasize? - correct answer>>- Breast milk is the best food for infants.
- Foods should come predominantly from plants, especially: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes & nuts
- Iron-rich foods are essential, especially for infants and adolescents
- Fat intake, particularly saturated fats & cholesterol should be limited. Trans fat should be eliminated from the diet.
- Simple carbs (ex: refined grains, white bread, sugar, sodas) should be limited.
- Extra calcium, iron, and folic acid are important nutrients in an adolescent girls diet
- Children's diet should include adequate fiber and sodium. What are three body mechanisms that require energy intake? - correct answer>>- Basal metabolic rate & thermoregulation
- Growth
- Activity What is the primary component of body tissue? - correct answer>>Water What is the adequate indicator for the need for more water intake? - correct answer>>Thirst
- Diarrhea
- Perspiration For children ages 1-3 years old, the adequate amount of sodium intake per day is ____________ mg. - correct answer>>1000 mg For children ages 4-8 years old, the adequate amoung of sodium intake per day is __________ mg. - correct answer>>1200 mg For children ages 9-18 years old, the adequate amount of sodium intake per day is ____________ mg. - correct answer>>1500mg What are some functions of potassium? - correct answer>>- Helps maintain intracellular homeostasis
- Contributes to muscle contractibility & transmission of nerve impulses Severe potassium deficits can lead to _________________ & ___________________. - correct answer>>cardiac dysrhythmias and death Excessive potassium can lead to ___________________. - correct answer>>cardiac arrest Which systems of the body regulate potassium excretion? - correct answer>>- Urinary and gastrointestinal What is the function of chloride? - correct answer>>Works with sodium to maintain adequate F/E balance
What can cause a loss of chloride? - correct answer>>- Vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration What is the major source of chloride? - correct answer>>Salt added to foods during processing Dietary protein is broken down into ________________ - correct answer>>amino acids What is the body's major source of dietary energy? - correct answer>>Carbohydrates ____ % - _____ % of children's body energy requirements should be supplied by carbohydrates? - correct answer>> 45 - 65% What are the two forms of carbohydrates? - correct answer>>Simple sugars and complex carbs Most dietary carbohydrates should be _________________. - correct answer>>Complex carbs What are the functions of fats? - correct answer>>- Provide energy
- Facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
- Maintain integrity of the cell membranes and myelin
