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Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with correct Answers, Exams of Pediatrics

Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with correct Answers Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with correct Answers

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2024/2025

Available from 06/20/2025

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Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with
correct Answers
While examining a 2-year-old child, the nurse in charge sees that the
anterior fontanel is open. The nurse should:
A. Notify the doctor
B. Look for other signs of abuse
C. Recognize this as a normal finding
D. Ask about a family history of Tay-Sachs disease - Correct answer A.
Notify the doctor
When developing a plan of care for a male adolescent, the nurse considers
the child's psychosocial needs. During adolescence, psychosocial
development focuses on:
A. Becoming industrious
B. Establishing an identity
C. Achieving intimacy
D. Developing initiative - Correct answer B. Establishing an identity
A mother asks the nurse how to handle her 5-year-old child, who recently
started wetting the pants after being completely toilet trained. The child just
started attending nursery school 2 days a week. Which principle should
guide the nurse's response?
A. The child forgets previously learned skills
B. The child experiences growth while regressing, regrouping, and then
progressing
C. The parents may refer less mature behaviors
D. The child returns to a level of behavior that increases the sense of
security. - Correct answer D. The child returns to a level of behavior that
increases the sense of security.
Nurse Kim is teaching a group of parents about otitis media. When
discussing why children are predisposed to this disorder, the nurse should
mention the significance of which anatomical feature?
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Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with

correct Answers

While examining a 2-year-old child, the nurse in charge sees that the anterior fontanel is open. The nurse should: A. Notify the doctor B. Look for other signs of abuse C. Recognize this as a normal finding D. Ask about a family history of Tay-Sachs disease - Correct answer A. Notify the doctor When developing a plan of care for a male adolescent, the nurse considers the child's psychosocial needs. During adolescence, psychosocial development focuses on: A. Becoming industrious B. Establishing an identity C. Achieving intimacy D. Developing initiative - Correct answer B. Establishing an identity A mother asks the nurse how to handle her 5-year-old child, who recently started wetting the pants after being completely toilet trained. The child just started attending nursery school 2 days a week. Which principle should guide the nurse's response? A. The child forgets previously learned skills B. The child experiences growth while regressing, regrouping, and then progressing C. The parents may refer less mature behaviors D. The child returns to a level of behavior that increases the sense of security. - Correct answer D. The child returns to a level of behavior that increases the sense of security. Nurse Kim is teaching a group of parents about otitis media. When discussing why children are predisposed to this disorder, the nurse should mention the significance of which anatomical feature?

A. Eustachian tubes B. Nasopharynx C. Tympanic membrane D. External ear canal - Correct answer A. Eustachian tubes Parents bring their infant to the clinic, seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse in charge detects dry mucous membranes and lethargy. What other findings suggest a fluid volume deficit? A. A sunken fontanel B. Decreased pulse rate C. Increased blood pressure D. Low urine specific gravity - Correct answer A. A sunken fontanel Lily , age 5, with an intelligence quotient of 65 is admitted to the hospital for evaluation. When planning care, the nurse should keep in mind that this child is: A. Within the lower range of normal intelligence B. Mildly retarded but educable C. Moderately retarded but trainable D. Completely dependent on others for care - Correct answer B. Mildly retarded but educable When evaluating a severely depressed adolescent, the nurse knows that one indicator of a high risk for suicide is: A. Depression B. Excessive sleepiness C. A history of cocaine use D. A preoccupation with death - Correct answer D. A preoccupation with death Which of the following is the best method for performing a physical examination on a toddler? A. From head to toe B. Distally to proximally C. From abdomen to toes, the to head

D. heart rate is 80 bpm - Correct answer D. heart rate is 80 bpm The nurse is assessing a 9-month-old boy for a well-baby check-up. Which of the following observations would be of most concern? A. The baby cannot say "mama" when he wants his mother. B. The mother has not given him finger foods. C. The child does not sit unsupported. D. The baby cries whenever the mother goes out. - Correct answer C. The child does not sit unsupported. Nurse Walter should expect a 3-year-old child to be able to perform which action? A. Ride a tricycle B. Tie the shoelaces C. Roller-skates D. Jump rope - Correct answer A. Ride a tricycle Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the most common causes of death in infants. At what age is the diagnosis of SIDS most likely? A. At 1 to 2 years of age B. At I week to 1 year of age, peaking at 2 to 4 months C. At 6 months to 1 year of age, peaking at 10 months D. At 6 to 8 weeks of age - Correct answer B. At I week to 1 year of age, peaking at 2 to 4 months Which of the following infants is least probable to develop sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? A. Baby Angela who was premature B. A sibling of Baby Angie who died of SIDS C. Baby Gabriel with prenatal drug exposure D. Baby Gabby who sleeps on his back - Correct answer D. Baby Gabby who sleeps on his back A 6-month-old male is at his well-child checkup. The nurse weighs him, and his

mother asks if his weight is normal for his age. The nurse ' s best response is:

  1. "At 6 months, his weight should be approximately three times his birth weight."
  2. "Each child gains weight at his or her own pace."
  3. "At 6 months, his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight."
  4. "At 6 months, a child should weigh about 10 lb more than his or her birth weight." - Correct answer 3. "At 6 months, his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight." The nurse is going to give a 6-month-old a dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) IM. What must the nurse do when the 1.5-mL dose arrives from the pharmacy?
  5. Administer the injection into the deltoid muscle.
  6. Divide the dose into two injections.
  7. Administer the injection into the dorsogluteal muscle.
  8. Give dose as a single injection into the vastus lateralis muscle. - Correct answer 4. Give dose as a single injection into the vastus lateralis muscle. Which statements by an infant ' s mother lead the nurse to believe that she needs further education about the nutritional needs of a 6-month-old? Select all that apply.
  9. "I will continue to breastfeed my son and will give him oatmeal cereal two times a day."
  10. "I will start my son on fruits and gradually introduce vegetables."
  11. "I will start my son on carrots and will introduce one new vegetable every few days."
  12. "I will not give my son any more than 4 to 6 ounces of baby juice per day."
  13. "I will make sure my son gets cereal three times a day." - Correct answer 2. "I will start my son on fruits and gradually introduce vegetables."
  14. "I will not give my son any more than 4 to 6 ounces of baby juice per day."
  15. "I will make sure my son gets cereal three times a day."
  1. The vaccine cannot be given at that visit.
  2. The vaccine will be administered after the physician examines the child.
  3. A booster vaccination will be needed at 18 months of age. - Correct answer 2. The vaccine cannot be given at that visit. Which should the nurse teach the parents is one of the most common causes of injury and death for a 9-month-old infant?
  4. Poisoning.
  5. Child abuse.
  6. Aspiration.
  7. Dog bites. - Correct answer 3. Aspiration. An 8-day-old was admitted to the hospital with vomiting and dehydration. The newborn ' s heart rate is 170, respiratory rate is 44, blood pressure is 85/52, and temperature is 99°F (37.2°C). What is the nurse ' s best response to the parents who ask if the vital signs are normal?
  8. "The blood pressure is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits."
  9. "The temperature is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits."
  10. "The respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits."
  11. "The heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." - Correct answer 4. "The heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." The mother of an 11-month-old with iron-deficiency anemia tells the nurse that her infant is currently taking iron and a multivitamin. Which statement made by the mother should be of concern to the nurse?
  12. "I give the iron and multivitamin at the same time each morning."
  13. "I give the iron and multivitamin in the morning 6-oz bottle."
  14. "I give the iron and multivitamin 2 hours before I feed the morning bottle."
  15. "I give the iron and multivitamin in oral syringes toward the back of the cheek." - Correct answer 2. "I give the iron and multivitamin in the morning 6-oz bottle." The nurse is using the FLACC scale to rate the pain level in a 9-month-old. Whichis the nurse ' s best response to the father ' s question of what the FLACC scale is?
  16. "It estimates a child ' s level of pain utilizing vital sign information."
  1. "It estimates a child ' s level of pain based on parents ' perception."
  2. "It estimates a child ' s level of pain utilizing behavioral and physical responses."
  3. "It estimates a child ' s level of pain utilizing a numeric scale from 0 to 5."
  • Correct answer 3. "It estimates a child ' s level of pain utilizing behavioral and physical responses." The nurse is assessing the pain level in an infant who just had surgery. The infant 's parent asks which vital sign changes are expected in a child experiencing pain. The nurse ' s best response is:
  1. "We expect to see a child ' s heart rate decrease and respiratory rate increase."
  2. "We expect to see a child ' s heart rate and blood pressure decrease."
  3. "We expect to see a child ' s heart rate and blood pressure increase."
  4. "We expect to see a child ' s heart rate increase and blood pressure decrease." - Correct answer 3. "We expect to see a child ' s heart rate and blood pressure increase." Which statement by the mother of an 18-month-old would lead the nurse to believe that the child should be referred for further evaluation for developmental delay?
  5. "My child is able to stand but is not yet taking steps independently."
  6. "My child has a vocabulary of approximately 15 words."
  7. "My child is still sucking his thumb."
  8. "My child seems to be quite wary of strangers." - Correct answer 1. "My child is able to stand but is not yet taking steps independently." The mother of a child who is 2 years 6 months in age has arranged a play date with the neighbor and her child who is 2 years 9 months old. During the play date the two mothers should expect that the children will do which of the following?
  9. Share and trade their toys while playing.
  10. Play with one another with little or no conflict.
  11. Play alongside one another but not actively with one another.
  12. Only play with one or two items, ignoring most of the other toys. - Correct answer 3. Play alongside one another but not actively with one another. Which should the nurse do to prevent separation anxiety in a hospitalized toddler?

A 4-year-old is hospitalized for an ASD repair. The parents have decided to go home for a few hours to spend time with their other children. The child asks when her mommy and daddy will be back. The nurse' s best response is:

  1. "Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap."
  2. "Your mommy and daddy will be back at 6:00 p.m."
  3. "Your mommy and daddy will be back later this evening."
  4. "Your mommy and daddy will be back in 3 hours." - Correct answer 1. "Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap." Which approach should the nurse use to gather information from a child brought to the ED for suspected child abuse?
  5. Promise the child that her parents will not know what she tells the nurse.
  6. Promise the child that she will not have to see the suspected abuser again.
  7. Use correct anatomical terms to discuss body parts.
  8. Tell the child that the abuse is not her fault and that she is a good person. - Correct answer 4. Tell the child that the abuse is not her fault and that she is a good person. Which reaction would a nurse expect when giving a preschooler immunizations?
  9. The child remains silent and still.
  10. The child cries and tells the nurse that it hurts.
  11. The child tries to stall the nurse.
  12. The child remains still while telling the nurse that she is hurting him. - Correct answer 2. The child cries and tells the nurse that it hurts. What can a nurse do to reinforce a 5-year-old ' s intellectual initiative when he asks about his upcoming surgery?
  13. Answer the child ' s questions about his upcoming surgery in simple terms.
  14. Provide the child with a book that has vivid illustrations about his surgery.
  15. Tell the child he should wait and ask the doctor his questions.
  16. Tell the child that she will answer his questions at a later time. - Correct answer 1. Answer the child ' s questions about his upcoming surgery in simple terms.

A 5-year-old boy has always been one of the shortest children in class. His mother tells the school nurse that her husband is 6 ′ tall and she is 5 ′ 7 ″. What should the nurse tell the child ' s mother?

  1. He is expected to grow about 2 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years.
  2. He is expected to grow about 3 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years.
  3. He should be seen by an endocrinologist for growth-hormone injections.
  4. His growth should be re-evaluated when he is 7 years old. - Correct answer 1. He is expected to grow about 2 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years. A 3-year-old admitted to the hospital with croup has the following vital signs: heart rate 90, respiratory rate 44, blood pressure 100/52, and temperature 98.8°F(37.1°C). The parents ask the nurse if these vital signs are normal. The nurse ' s best response is:
  5. "Your son ' s blood pressure is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range."
  6. "Your son ' s temperature is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range."
  7. "Your son ' s respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range."
  8. "Your son ' s heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." - Correct answer 3. "Your son ' s respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." Which action is a developmentally appropriate method for eliciting a 4-year- old 's cooperation in obtaining the blood pressure?
  9. Have the child ' s parents help put on the blood pressure cuff.
  10. Tell the child that if he sits still, the blood pressure machine will go quickly.
  11. Ask the child if he feels a squeezing of his arm.
  12. Tell the child that measuring the blood pressure will not hurt. - Correct answer 3. Ask the child if he feels a squeezing of his arm. A 3-year-old is attending her grandfather ' s funeral. Her parents told her that her grandfather is in heaven with God. Which statement describes a 3- year-old child 's understanding of spirituality?
  13. "The body is here with us on Earth, and the spirit is in heaven."
  14. "He is in heaven. Is this heaven?"
  1. Explain what the nurse will be doing in basic understandable terms. - Correct answer 4. Explain what the nurse will be doing in basic understandable terms. Which is the best method of distraction for an 8-year-old who is having surgery later today to insert a central line and is NPO?
  2. Use the telephone to call friends.
  3. Watch television.
  4. Play a board game.
  5. Read the central-line pamphlet he was given. - Correct answer 3. Play a board game. Which activity can the nurse provide for a 9-year-old to encourage a sense of industry?
  6. Allow the child to choose what time to take his medication.
  7. Provide the child with the homework his teacher has sent.
  8. Allow the child to assist with his bath.
  9. Allow the child to help with his dressing change. - Correct answer 2. Provide the child with the homework his teacher has sent. The mother of 10-year-old fraternal twins tells the nurse at their well-child checkup that she is concerned because her daughter has gained more weight and height than her twin brother. The mother is concerned that there is something wrong with her son. The nurse ' s best response is:
  10. "I understand your concern. I will talk with the physician, and we can draw some lab work."
  11. "Let me ask you whether your son has been ill lately."
  12. "It is normal for girls to grow a little taller and gain more weight than boys at this age."
  13. "It is normal for you to be concerned, but I am sure your son will catch up with your daughter eventually." - Correct answer 3. "It is normal for girls to grow a little taller and gain more weight than boys at this age." What information should a school nurse include in a discussion on nutrition with a fourth-grade class?
  14. The number of calories that a fourth-grade child should consume in a day.
  15. A list of high-calorie foods that all fourth-graders should avoid.
  16. How to read food labels so that children know which foods are good for them.
  1. A list of nutritious foods with basic scientific information about how they affect the body organs and systems. - Correct answer 4. A list of nutritious foods with basic scientific information about how they affect the body organs and systems. Which technique should the nurse suggest to the mother of an 8-year-old who does not want to complete her chores?
  2. Grounding.
  3. Time-out.
  4. Reward system.
  5. Spanking. - Correct answer 3. Reward system Which should the nurse recommend to the parents of a 9-year-old hospitalized following a bicycle injury? To prevent future injury, their child should:
  6. Wear safety equipment while riding bicycles.
  7. Read educational material on bicycle safety.
  8. Watch a video on bicycle safety.
  9. Ride his bike in the presence of adults. - Correct answer 1. Wear safety equipment while riding bicycles. A 16-year-old male is hospitalized for cystic fibrosis. He will be an inpatient for 2weeks while he receives IV antibiotics. Which action taken by the nurse will most enhance his psychosocial development?
  10. Fax the teen ' s teacher and have her send in his homework.
  11. Encourage the teen ' s friends to visit him in the hospital.
  12. Encourage the teen ' s grandparents to visit frequently.
  13. Tell the teen he is free to use his phone to call or text friends. - Correct answer 2. Encourage the teen ' s friends to visit him in the hospital. To obtain an adolescent ' s health information, the nurse should:
  14. Interview the adolescent using direct questions.
  15. Gather information during a casual conversation.
  16. Interview the adolescent only in the presence of the parents.
  17. Gather information only from the parents. - Correct answer 2. Gather information during a casual conversation. An 18-year-old with a rash and itching in the groin area is concerned that he has contracted a sexually transmitted disease and does not want his parents to find out. The nurse ' s best response is:

An adolescent has a diagnosis of new-onset diabetes. What would most influence a teenager's food choices as he begins to make changes in his diet?1. Parents and their dietary choices.

  1. Cultural background.
  2. Peers and their dietary choices.
  3. Television and other forms of media influence. - Correct answer 3. Peers and their dietary choices. During an adolescent ' s initial physical assessment, the nurse notes signs and symptoms of nutritional deficit. Which assessment led the nurse to this initial conclusion?
  4. Protein level within normal limits.
  5. Blood pressure is 110/66.
  6. Hair and nails are brittle and dry.
  7. Teeth appear to be eroded. - Correct answer 3. Hair and nails are brittle and dry. The mother of an adolescent complains that he has had some recent behavioral changes. He comes home from school every day, closes his door, and refrains from interaction with his family. The nurse ' s best response to the mother is:
  8. "You should speak with your son and ask him directly what is wrong with him."
  9. "You should set limits with your son and tell him that this is unacceptable behavior."
  10. "Your son ' s behavior is abnormal, and he is going to need a psychiatric referral."
  11. "Your son ' s behavior is normal. You should listen to him without being judgmental." - Correct answer 4. "Your son's behavior is normal. You should listen to him without being judgmental." The maternity nurse is providing instructions to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse instructs the mother to take which measure?
  12. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need.
  13. Anticipate all needs of the newborn infant.
  14. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying.
  15. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying. - Correct answer 1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need.

The nurse notes that a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects exist when the objects are outside of the visual field. Based on this observation, which action should the nurse take?

  1. Report the observation to the pediatrician
  2. Move the objects in the child's direct field of vision.
  3. Teach the child how to visually scan the environment.
  4. Provide additional lighting for the child during play activities. - Correct answer 1. Report the observation to the pediatrician The nurse is describing Piaget's cognitive developmental theory to pediatric nursing staff. The nurse should tell that staff that which child behavior is characteristic of the formal operations stage?
  5. The child has the ability to think abstractly.
  6. The child begins to understand the environment.
  7. The child is able to classify, order, and sort facts.
  8. The child learns to think in terms of past, present, and future. - Correct answer 1. The child has the ability to think abstractly. The mother of an 8-year-old child tells the clinic nurse that she is concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anything else. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should make which response?
  9. "You need to be concerned."
  10. "You need to monitor the child's behavior closely."
  11. "At this age, the child is developing his own personality."
  12. "You need to provide more praise to the child to stop this behavior." - Correct answer 3. "At this age, the child is developing his own personality." A parent of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instructions should the nurse provide to the parent? Select all that apply.
  13. Set limits on the child's behavior.
  14. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs.
  15. Allow the behavior, because this is normal at this age period.

action is most appropriate?

  1. Increase oral fluids.
  2. Document the finding.
  3. Notify the pediatrician.
  4. Elevate the head of the bed to 90 degrees. - Correct answer 2. Document the finding. The nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which does the nurse expect to observe in this child?
  5. Uses a fork to eat
  6. Uses a cup to drink
  7. Pours own milk into a cup
  8. Uses a knife for cutting food - Correct answer 2. Uses a cup to drink A 2-year-old child is treated in the emergency department for a burn to the chest and abdomen. The child sustained the burn by grabbing a cup of hot coffee that was left on the kitchen counter. The nurse reviews safety principles with the parents before discharge. Which statement by the parents indicates an understanding of measures to provide safety in the home?
  9. "We will be sure not to leave hot liquids unattended."
  10. "I guess our children need to understand what the word hot means."
  11. "We will be sure that the children stay in their rooms when we work in the kitchen."
  12. "We will install a safety gate as soon as we get home so the children cannot get into the kitchen." - Correct answer 1. "We will be sure not to leave hot liquids unattended." A mother arrives at a clinic with her toddler and tells the nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. What measure is most appropriate for the nurse to suggest to the mother?
  13. Allow the child to set bedtime limits.
  14. Allow the child to have temper tantrums.
  15. Avoid letting the child nap during the day.
  16. Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed. - Correct answer 4. Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed.

The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother?

  1. Allow the bottle if it contains juice.
  2. Allow the bottle if it contains water.
  3. Do not allow the child to have the bottle.
  4. Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime. - Correct answer 2. Allow the bottle if it contains water. The nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which is the most appropriate activity for this child?
  5. A radio
  6. A sports video
  7. Large picture books
  8. Crayons and a coloring book - Correct answer 4. Crayons and a coloring book The mother of a 3-year-old asks a clinic nurse about appropriate and safe toys for the child. The nurse should tell the mother that the most appropriate toy for a 3-year-old is which?
  9. A wagon
  10. A golf set
  11. A farm set
  12. A jack set with marbles - Correct answer 1. A wagon Which interventions are appropriate for the care of an infant? Select all that apply.
  13. Provide swaddling.
  14. Talk in a loud voice.
  15. Provide the infant with a bottle of juice at nap time.
  16. Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs.
  17. Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes.
  18. Allow the infant to cry for at least 10 minutes before responding. - Correct answer 1. Provide swaddling.
  19. Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs.