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Nursing Tip Growth & Development
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The developmental level of the child and family values should govern the nursing approach, with choices and active participation offered when appropriate. TERM 2
Nursing Tip Growth & Development
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DEFINITION 2 Arnold Gesell, founder of the Clinic for Child Development at Yale University, was the first to study children scientifically over time. He coined the term child development. TERM 3
Nursing Tip Growth & Development
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DEFINITION 3 Catch-up growth refers to the process by which a child who has been sick or malnourished and whose growth has slowed or stopped experiences a period of more rapid growth after recovery as the body attempts to compensate. TERM 4
Nursing Tip Growth & Development
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DEFINITION 4 Acceptance of the childs value system and cultural beliefs will assist in positive nursechild interactions. TERM 5
Nursing Tip Growth & Development
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DEFINITION 5 Different does not mean inferior.
Nursing Tip Growth & Development
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An infant who is hypersensitive to noise or touch needs the parent to understand the need for quiet surroundings. A chronically depressed parent may interpret fussiness or lack of smiling as rejection. Therefore an assessment of parentchild interaction is essential in the home, clinic, or hospital setting. TERM 7
Nursing Tip Growth & Development
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DEFINITION 7 Special care may be required to assist in the growth and development of infants who are blind or whose parents are chronically depressed. TERM 8
Nutrition Considerations Growth &
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DEFINITION 8 Fiber Needs of the Young ChildThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends intake of 0.5g of fiber per kilogram of body weight in childhood, gradually increasing to adult levels of 20 to 35g/day by the end of adolescence. High- fiber foods can fill the small stomach capacity and provide few of the nutrients and calories needed by the active, growing child. TERM 9
Nutrition Considerations Growth &
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DEFINITION 9 Enhancing Absorption of MineralsFoods containing essential minerals such as iron, zinc, and calcium should be combined with citrus, fish, or poultry to enhance absorption of the minerals. Vitamin D and lactose sugars also enhance mineral absorption in the body. TERM 10
Safety Alert! Growth & Development
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DEFINITION 10 Raw fruits that contain seeds or some raw vegetables and nuts may not be appropriate foods for infants and young children because of the risk of choking. Beans and vegetables should be well cooked.
Nursing Tip The Infant Chapter:16 Page:
An infants repetitious banging of toys on a table may be perceived by the parent as an irritating type of behavior. Counseling may be required to help the parent to understand that this is a normal developmental phase of motor activity and should be encouraged! TERM 17
Safety Alert! The Infant Chapter:
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DEFINITION 17 The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a supine or back-lying position for infants to avoid sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Care should be taken to use a sturdy mattress and avoid soft pillows that can inhibit breathing. Comforters, quilts, loose bedding, and thick, pillowlike crib bumpers can be a danger to an infant in a crib. TERM 18
Nursing Tip The Infant Chapter:16 Page:
DEFINITION 18 Human milk or properly prepared formula supplies adequate fluid for the infant under normal conditions. The infant may require additional water during illness or hot, humid weather. TERM 19
Nursing Tip The Infant Chapter:16 Page:
DEFINITION 19 Whole milk and imitation milk should not be given to infants until after 1 year of age. TERM 20
Nursing Tip The Infant Chapter:16 Page:
DEFINITION 20 Cereal and baby food should not be mixed in a bottle with formula.
Nursing Tip The Infant Chapter:16 Page:
New solid foods should be introduced before the milk feedings to encourage the infant to try the new experience. As solid food intake increases, the amount of formula or milk should be decreased to avoid overfeeding. TERM 22
Safety Alert! The Infant Chapter:
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DEFINITION 22 To prevent the development of botulism, honey should not be included in the diet of infants younger than 1 year. TERM 23
Nursing Tip The Infant Chapter:16 Page:
DEFINITION 23 Encourage breastfeeding. Discourage overfeeding. Teach recognition of satiety signs. Prevent early introduction of solid foods. TERM 24
Nursing Tip The Infant Chapter:16 Page:
DEFINITION 24 The nutritive value of the food and the nutritional needs of the infant should be the primary focus of food selection. TERM 25
Nursing Tip The Toddler Chapter:17 Page:
DEFINITION 25 The toddler is beginning to exercise autonomy and independent functioning. Gentle guidance, positive discipline and patience will help the toddler master the stage of autonomy and maintain a positive self- image.
Nursing Tip The School-Age Child Chapter:
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When discussing sexuality with school-age children, it is necessary to review slang or street terms. Most children hear the terms but may be confused about their meanings. TERM 32
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DEFINITION 32 Emergency Treatment of an Avulsed ToothWhen a permanent tooth is accidentally knocked out of the socket, the tooth should be picked up by the crown to avoid damaging the root area. Place the tooth in milk until the child and tooth arrive at a dentists office. TERM 33
Safety Alert! The School-Age Child Chapter:
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DEFINITION 33 Caution parents about the safe storage of firearms. Many deaths caused by firearms occur in the home, not on the streets. TERM 34
Nursing Tip The School-Age Child Chapter:
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DEFINITION 34 Tips to help prevent obesity: Use appropriate serving sizes for age. Limit intake of soda and/or juice drinks that are not 100% juice (empty calories). Replace whole milk with skim milk. Eat breakfast every day. Encourage family meal times. Parents should role model healthy eating and activity. Encourage physical activity. Decrease computer and TV time. TERM 35
Nursing Tip The School-Age Child Chapter:
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DEFINITION 35 Mutual respect involves accepting the childs feelings. When helping children to identify feelings, start with the terms mad, glad, sad, or scared.
Nursing Tip The Adolescent Chapter:
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A growth spurt is a rapid period of growth in which the body reaches adult height and weight before age 18 years. TERM 37
Nursing Tip The Adolescent Chapter:
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DEFINITION 37 Young women are taught breast self-examination, and young men are instructed in self-examination of the testes. TERM 38
Nursing Tip The Adolescent Chapter:
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DEFINITION 38 In adolescence, dependency creates hostility. Parents who foster dependence invite unavoidable resentment. Wise parents make themselves increasingly dispensable. Their language is sprinkled with such statements as The choice is yours, You decide about that, If you want to, and Its your decision. TERM 39
Nursing Tip The Adolescent Chapter:
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DEFINITION 39 Every culture is unique. Adolescent behavior problems and expectations differ in other areas of the world and must be respected. TERM 40
Nursing Tip The Adolescent Chapter:
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DEFINITION 40 Adolescent warning signs indicating need for psychosocial intervention and follow-up: Spends time on computer in early hours of the morning Changes screen on computer when parent enters room Has pornographic material on the computer Makes frequent long-distance calls
