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Peds |Exam | 1 |questions |with |correct |
answers
The |nurse |is |aware |that |the |age |at |which |the |posterior |fontanelle | closes |is |_____ |months. a. | 2 |to | 3 | b. | 3 |to | 6 | c. | 6 |to | 9 | d. | 9 |to | 12 |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |A The |posterior |fontanelle |closes |between | 2 |and | 3 |months |of |age. Which |stage |of |development |is |most |unstable |and |challenging | regarding |development |of |personal |identity? A) |Adolescence B) |Toddler |hood C) |Childhood D) |Infancy |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔A) |Adolescence A |maternity |nurse |is |providing |instruction |to |a |new |mother | regarding |the |psychosocial |development |of |the |newborn |infant. | Using |Erikson's |psychosocial |development |theory, |the |nurse |would | instruct |the |mother |to:
A) |Allow |the |newborn |infant |to |signal |a |need B) |Anticipate |all |of |the |needs |of |the |newborn |infant C) |Avoid |the |newborn |infant |during |the |first | 10 |minutes |of |crying D) |Attend |to |the |newborn |infant |immediately |when |crying |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔A) |Allow |the |newborn |infant |to |signal |a | need. |Trust |vs |Mistrust |stage-This |will |allow |the |infant |opportunity | to |gain |trust. A |mother |of |a |3-year-old |tells |a |clinic |nurse |that |the |child |is | rebelling |constantly |and |having |temper |tantrums. |The |nurse |most | appropriately |tells |the |mother |to: A) |Punish |the |child |every |time |the |child |says |"no", |to |change |the | behavior B) |Allow |the |behavior |because |this |is |normal |at |this |age |period C) |Set |limits |on |the |child's |behavior D) |Ignore |the |child |when |this |behavior |occurs |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔C) |Set |limits |on |the |child's |behavior-According |to |Erikson, |the | child |focuses |on |independence |between |ages | 1 |and | 3 |years. | Gaining |independence |often |means |that |the |child |has |to |rebel | against |the |parents' |wishes. |Saying |things |like |"no" |or |"mine" |and | having |temper |tantrums |are |common |during |this |period |of | development. |Being |consistent |and |setting |limits |on |the |child's | behavior |are |the |necessary |elements.
A |nurse |is |preparing |to |care |for |a |5-year-old |who |has |been |placed | in |traction |following |a |fracture |of |the |femur. |The |nurse |plans |care, | knowing |that |which |of |the |following |is |the |most |appropriate | activity |for |this |child? A) |Large |picture |books B) |A |radio C) |Crayons |and |coloring |book D) |A |sports |video |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔C. |In |the |preschooler, | play |is |simple |and |imaginative |and |includes |activities |such |as | crayons |and |coloring |books, |puppets, |felt |and |magnetic |boards, |and |Play-Doh. |Large |picture |books |are |most |appropriate |for |the |infant. | A |radio |and |a |sports |video |are |most |appropriate |for |the |adolescent. A |16-year-old |is |admitted |to |the |hospital |for |acute |appendicitis, | and |an |appendectomy |is |performed. |Which |of |the |following | nursing |interventions |is |most |appropriate |to |facilitate |normal | growth |and |development? A) |Allow |the |family |to |bring |in |the |child's |favorite |computer |games B) |Encourage |the |parents |to |room-in |with |the |child C) |Encourage |the |child |to |rest |and |read D) |Allow |the |child |to |participate |in |activities |with |other |individuals | in |the |same |age |group |when |the |condition |permits |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔D. |Adolescents |often |are |not |sure |whether |they |want | their |parents |with |them |when |they |are |hospitalized. |Because |of |the |
importance |of |the |peer |group, |separation |from |friends |is |a |source | of |anxiety. |Ideally, |the |members |of |the |peer |group |will |support | their |ill |friend. |Options |a, |b, |and |c |isolate |the |child |from |the |peer | group. The |mother |of |a |toddler |asks |a |nurse |when |it |is |safe |to |place |the | car |safety |seat |in |a |face-forward |position. |The |best |nursing | response |is |which |of |the |following? A) |When |the |toddler |weighs | 20 |lbs B) |The |seat |should |not |be |placed |in |a |face-forward |position |unless | there |are |safety |locks |in |the |car C) |The |seat |should |never |be |place |in |a |face-forward |position | because |the |risk |of |the |child |unbuckling |the |harness D) |When |the |weight |of |the |toddler |is |greater |than | 40 |lbs |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔A. |The |transition |point |for |switching |to |the | forward |facing |position |is |defined |by |the |manufacturer |of |the | convertible |car |safety |seat |but |is |generally |at |a |body |weight |of | 9 | kg |or | 20 |lb |and | 1 |year |of |age. |Convertible |car |safety |seats |are |used |until |the |child |weighs |at |least | 40 |lb. |Options |b, |c, |and |d |are | incorrect A |mother |calls |the |pediatrician's |office |because |her |infant | is |"colicky." |The |helpful |measure |the |nurse |would |suggest |to |the | parent |is |to: a. |sing |songs |to |the |infant |in |a |soft |voice. | b. |place |the |infant |in |a |well-lit |room. |
a. | 9 |months. | b. | 1 |year. | c. | 18 |months. | d. | 2 |years. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |B The |infant |usually |triples |his |or |her |birth |weight |by |about | 12 | months |of |age. The |nurse |is |aware |that |the |earliest |age |at |which |an |infant |is |able | to |sit |steadily |alone |is |_____ |months. a. | 4 | b. | 5 | c. | 8 | d. | 15 |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |C The |infant |can |sit |alone |without |support |at |about | 8 |months |of |age. The |nurse |is |aware |that |the |earliest |age |at |which |the |infant |should | be |able |to |walk |independently |is |_____ |months? a. | 8 |to | 10 | b. | 12 |to | 15 | c. | 15 |to | 18 | d. | 18 |to | 21 |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |B For |the |majority |of |children, |the |milestone |of |walking |alone |is | achieved |between | 12 |and | 15 |months.
The |parent |of |a |3-month-old |infant |asks |the |nurse, |"At |what |age | do |infants |usually |begin |drinking |from |a |cup?" |The |nurse |would | reply: a. | 5 |months. | b. | 9 |months. | c. | 1 |year. | d. | 2 |years. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |A The |infant |can |usually |drink |from |a |cup |when |it |is |offered |at |about | 5 |months. The |nurse |would |expect |a |4-month-old |to |be |able |to: a. |hold |a |cup. | b. |stand |with |assistance. | c. |lift |head |and |shoulders. | d. |sit |with |back |straight. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |C Because |development |is |cephalocaudal, |of |these |choices, |lifting |the | head |and |shoulders |is |the |one |that |the |infant |learns |to |do |first. | The |infant |can |usually |sit |with |support |at |about | 5 |months |of |age | and |can |sit |alone |at |about | 8 |months. The |abnormal |finding |in |an |evaluation |of |growth |and |development | for |a |6-month-old |infant |would |be:
d. |introduce |each |new |food | 4 |to | 7 |days |apart. |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |D Only |one |new |food |is |offered |in |a |4- |to |7-day |period |to |determine | tolerance. When |assessing |development |in |a |9-month-old |infant, |the |nurse | would |expect |to |observe |the |infant: a. |speaking |in |2-word |sentences. | b. |grasping |objects |with |palmar |grasp. | c. |creeping |along |the |floor. | d. |beginning |to |use |a |spoon |rather |sloppily. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔ANS: |C The |9-month-old |tries |to |creep, |has |developed |pincer |movement, | and |can |grasp |a |spoon |without |keeping |food |on |it. The |statement |made |by |a |parent |that |indicates |correct | understanding |of |infant |feeding |is: a. |"I've |been |mixing |rice |cereal |and |formula |in |the |baby's |bottle." | b. |"I |switched |the |baby |to |low-fat |milk |at | 9 |months." | c. |"The |baby |really |likes |little |pieces |of |chocolate." | d. |"I |give |the |baby |any |new |foods |before |he |takes |his |bottle." |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |D New |solid |foods |should |be |introduced |before |formula |or |breast | milk |to |encourage |the |infant |to |try |new |foods.
The |nurse |would |advise |a |mother |who |is |concerned |because |her | 10-month-old |is |lethargic |to__________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Go | to |the |ED The |nurse |discusses |child-proofing |the |home |for |safety |with |the | mother |of |a |9-month-old. |The |statement |made |by |the |mother |that | indicates |an |unsafe |behavior |is: a. |"I |put |covers |on |all |of |the |electrical |outlets." | b. |"In |the |car, |she |rides |in |a |front-facing |car |seat." | c. |"There |are |locks |on |all |of |the |cabinets |in |the |house." | d. |"I |have |a |gate |at |the |top |and |bottom |of |the |stairs." |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |B A |rear-facing |infant |car |seat |should |be |used |for |infants |younger | than | 1 |year |of |age. The |nurse |observes |a |10-month-old |infant |using |her |index |finger | and |thumb |to |pick |up |pieces |of |cereal. |This |behavior |is |evidence | that |the |infant |has |developed: a. |the |pincer |grasp. | b. |a |grasp |reflex. | c. |prehension |ability. | d. |the |parachute |reflex. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |A
c. |No |predictable |sleep-wake |cycle | d. |Distrust | e. |Effective |parent |bonding |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |A, |B, |C, |D Children |who |experience |frequent |hunger |do |not |have |effective | parental |bonding. |All |other |options |are |probable |outcomes |for |a | child |who |has |unmet |hunger |needs. What |should |the |teaching |plan |include |about |infant |fall | precautions? |Select |all |that |apply. a. |Remove |all |unsteady |furniture. | b. |Keep |crib |rails |up |and |in |locked |position. | c. |Steady |infant |with |hand |when |on |changing |table. | d. |Use |tray |attachment |on |high |chair |as |restraint. | e. |Keep |infant |seat |on |the |floor. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |A, | B, |C, |E The |tray |attachment |to |a |high |chair |is |an |inadequate |restraint. |All | other |options |are |good |precautions |to |prevent |an |infant |from |a |fall. The |nurse |explains |that |the |second |process |of |self-mobility |an | infant |learns |is |seen |at |the |age |of | 9 |months, |when |the |infant | begins |to |___________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: | creep At | 7 |months |the |infant |begins |to |crawl, |using |arms |and |dragging | trunk |and |legs. |At | 9 |months |the |infant |begins |to |creep, |holding |
his |or |her |trunk |above |the |floor. |The |next |self-mobility |activity |is | cruising, |where |the |child |walks |from |one |piece |of |furniture |to |the | next |before |it |begins |to |walk |independently. A |3-month-old |infant, |born |at | 38 |weeks |of |gestation, |will |hold |a | rattle |if |it |is |put |in |her |hands, |but |she |will |not |voluntarily |grasp |it. | The |nurse |should |interpret |this |as: a. |Normal |development. b. |Significant |developmental |lag. c. |Slightly |delayed |development |caused |by |prematurity. d. |Suggestive |of |a |neurologic |disorder |such |as |cerebral |palsy. |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |A This |indicates |normal |development. |Reflexive |grasping |occurs | during |the |first | 2 |to | 3 |months |and |then |gradually |becomes | voluntary. |No |evidence |of |neurologic |dysfunction |is |present. In |terms |of |fine |motor |development, |the |infant |of | 7 |months | should |be |able |to: a. |Transfer |objects |from |one |hand |to |the |other. b. |Use |thumb |and |index |finger |in |crude |pincer |grasp. c. |Hold |crayon |and |make |a |mark |on |paper. d. |Release |cubes |into |a |cup. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |A By |age | 7 |months |infants |can |transfer |objects |from |one |hand |to | the |other, |crossing |the |midline. |The |crude |pincer |grasp |is |apparent |
Between |ages | 6 |and | 8 |months |fear |of |strangers |and |stranger | anxiety |become |prominent |and |are |related |to |the |infant's |ability |to | discriminate |between |familiar |and |nonfamiliar |people. |At |age | 2 | months |infants |are |just |beginning |to |respond |differentially |to |the | mother. |At |age | 4 |months |the |infant |is |beginning |the |process |of | separation |individuation |when |the |infant |begins |to |recognize |self | and |mother |as |separate |beings. |Twelve |months |is |too |late |and | requires |referral |for |evaluation |if |the |child |does |not |fear |strangers | at |this |age. In |terms |of |gross |motor |development, |what |would |the |nurse |expect |a |5-month-old |infant |to |do? |Choose |all |that |apply. a. |Roll |from |abdomen |to |back b. |Put |feet |in |mouth |when |supine c. |Roll |from |back |to |abdomen d. |Sit |erect |without |support e. |Move |from |prone |to |sitting |position f. |Adjust |posture |to |reach |an |object |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: | A, |B Rolling |from |abdomen |to |back |and |placing |the |feet |in |the |mouth | when |supine |are |developmentally |appropriate |for |a |5-month-old | infant. A |parent |of |an |18-month-old |boy |tells |the |nurse |that |he |says |"no" | to |everything |and |has |rapid |mood |swings. |If |he |is |scolded, |he |
shows |anger |and |then |immediately |wants |to |be |held. |The |nurse's | best |interpretation |of |this |behavior |is |that: a. |This |is |normal |behavior |for |his |age. b. |This |is |unusual |behavior |for |his |age. c. |He |is |not |effectively |coping |with |stress. d. |He |is |showing |he |needs |more |attention. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔ANS: |A Toddlers |use |distinct |behaviors |in |the |quest |for |autonomy. |They | express |their |will |with |continued |negativity |and |the |use |of |the | word |"no." |Children |at |this |age |also |have |rapid |mood |swings. |The | nurse |should |reassure |the |parents |that |their |child |is |engaged |in | expected |behavior |for |an |18-month-old. A |17-month-old |child |would |be |expected |to |be |in |what |stage | according |to |Piaget? a. |Trust | b. |Preoperations c. |Secondary |circular |reaction d. |Tertiary |circular |reaction |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |D The |17-month-old |is |in |the |fifth |stage |of |the |sensorimotor |phase: | tertiary |circular |reactions. |The |child |uses |active |experimentation |to | achieve |previously |unattainable |goals. |Trust |is |Erikson's |first |stage. | Preoperations |is |the |stage |of |cognitive |development |usually | present |in |older |toddlers |and |preschoolers. |Secondary |circular | reactions |last |from |about |ages | 4 |to | 8 |months.
b. |This |is |typical |behavior |because |toddlers are |not |very |developed. c. |This |is |typical |behavior |because |of |inability to |transfer |knowledge |to |new |situations. d. |This |is |not |typical |behavior |because | toddlers |should |know |better |than |to |repeat an |act |that |caused |pain. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |C During |the |tertiary |circular |reactions |stage, |children |have |only |a | rudimentary |sense |of |the |classification |of |objects. |The |appearance | of |an |object |denotes |its |function |for |these |children. |The |slot |of |an | outlet |is |for |putting |things |into. |Her |cognitive |development |is | appropriate |for |her |age |and |represents |typical |behavior |for |a | toddler. |Only |some |awareness |exists |of |a |causal |relation |between | events. Which |statement |is |correct |about |toilet |training? a. |Bladder |training |is |usually |accomplished | before |bowel |training. b. |Wanting |to |please |the |parent |helps | motivate |the |child |to |use |the |toilet. c. |Watching |older |siblings |use |the |toilet confuses |the |child. d. |Children |must |be |forced |to |sit |on |the |toilet
when |first |learning. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |B Voluntary |control |of |the |anal |and |urethral |sphincters |is |achieved | sometime |after |the |child |is |walking. |The |child |must |be |able |to | recognize |the |urge |to |let |go |and |to |hold |on. |The |child |must |want | to |please |the |parent |by |holding |on |rather |than |pleasing |self |by | letting |go. |Bowel |training |precedes |bladder |training. |Watching | older |siblings |provides |role |modeling |and |facilitates |imitation |for | the |toddler. |The |child |should |be |introduced |to |the |potty |chair |or | toilet |in |a |nonthreatening |manner. Which |characteristic |best |describes |the |gross |motor |skills |of |a |24- month-old |child? a. |Skips | b. |Rides |tricycle | c. |Broad |jumps d. |Walks |up |and |down |stairs |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ANS: |D The |24-month-old |child |can |go |up |and |down |stairs |alone |with |two | feet |on |each |step. |Skipping |and |the |ability |to |broad |jump |are |skills | acquired |at |age |3. |Tricycle |riding |is |achieved |at |age |4. The |parents |of |a |2-year-old |tell |the |nurse |that |they |are |concerned | because |the |toddler |has |started |to |use |"baby |talk" |since |the |arrival | of |their |new |baby. |The |nurse |should |recommend |that |the |parents: a. |Ignore |the |"baby |talk." b. |Explain |to |the |toddler |that |"baby |talk" |is |for |
