Veterinary Pharmacology Exam 2: Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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PENN FOSTER

VETERINARY

PHARMACOLOGY

EXAM 2 Questions and

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_____ tissue is formed during healing of wounds of the soft tissue that consists of connective tissue cells and ingrown young vessels which ultimately form a scar. - ANSGranulation ______ are used to prevent or treat anemia. - ANSHematinics ______ is a determination of the osmotic pressure of a solution based on the relative number of solute particles in 1 kg of the solution - ANSOsmolality _______ is decreased body pH caused by excess hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid - ANSMetabolic acidosis ________ has been developed for the treatment of otodectes spp. - ANSAcarexx _____is(are) a major chemical mediator(s) of the allergic response. - ANSHistamine A ____ vaccine is prepared from live microorganisms or viruses. These organisms may be fully virulent or avirulent. Few vaccines of this origin are used. - ANSLive A _____ hormone is one that results in the production of a second hormone within a target gland. - ANSTrophic A 10-year old cocker spaniel is brought in to the vet clinic with polyuria/polydipsia and mile anemia. What is a potential cause of these signs and what may be used to treat the anemia? - ANSChronic renal failure, erythropoietin

a 12 year old Labrador retriever has been through a treatment protocol for lymphoma, and the owner has opted for the use of a BRM. What agent could be used in this case? - ANSCanine lymphoma monoclonal antibody A 2 year old beagle has clinical signs of lead toxicity and a history to support the diagnosis. Which agent would be the drug of choice for treating this condition? - ANSCalcium EDTA A 3-month-old Chow is brought in to the ER for eating a box of rat poison. What drug would the veterinarian use to treat this condition and by what route would it be administered? - ANSVitamin K, SQ or IM A bacteriostatic agent inhibits the growth of a bacteria T/F - ANSTrue A benzodiazepine that s used as an antianxiety medication and as an appetite stimulant in cats is _____ - ANSDiazepam A client calls and says that she has been giving her cat Tylenol for a limp. Now the cat is breathing fast, its face is swollen, and it is not active. You should tell the client to _____ - ANSBring the cat to the hospital to start treatment with acetylcysteine. A dietary supplement for the support of normal structure and function of the liver is ____ - ANSS-adenosylmethionine A drug's _____ of activity is the range of bacteria affected by it's action. - ANSspectrum

A substance with antitumor, antiviral, and immunoregulatory effects is _____ - ANSinterferon A synthetic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infection in animals is called _____ - ANSMetronidazole A tuberculin syringe holds up to _____mL of medication - ANS A(n) _____ will usually separate after long periods of shelf life and must be shaken well before use to provide a uniform dose - ANSsuspension A(n) ______ is an agent that produces superficial irritation that is intended to relieve some other irritation - ANSCounter irritant A(n) ______ vaccine is a specific antiserum aimed at a toxin that contains a concentration of antibodies extracted from the blood serum or plasma of a hyperimmunized animal. (usually a horse) - ANSantitoxin About what percent of the stomach's contents do emetics usually remove? - ANS80% ACE causes the conversion of ______ to ______. - ANSangiotensin I to angiotensin II ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to _____ - ANSAngiotensin II

Acetylcysteine is administered by what method for pulmonary uses? - ANSNebulization Activated charcoal is effective in removing lead from the body. T/F - ANSFalse, it does not absorb heavy metals Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often respond to conservative management such as - ANSWitholding food for 12 to 24 hours Advantage has greater efficacy against ____ and frontline has a greater efficacy against _____ - ANSfleas, ticks Aerobes are bacteria that require oxygen to live T/F - ANSTrue After activated charcoal is administered, no other oral therapeutic agents should be administered within 3 hours T/F - ANSTrue albendazole is the active ingredient found in - ANSValbazen all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ - ANSThe Green Book All needles should be discarded in a _____ - ANSsharps container All of the following are androgens except a. Winstrol-v

a. jugular vein b. carotid artery c. lateral saphenous vein d. phalic vein - ANSb. carotid artery All of the following are types of corticosteroids except a. dexamethasone b. Predef c. Vetalog d. ketoprofen. - ANSKetoprofen All of the following drugs are classified as penicillins except a. cephalexin b. amoxicillin c. ampicillin d. cloxacillin - ANSCephalexin All of the following may be signs of dehydration except a. dry mucous membranes b. otitisi externa c. reduced jugular distension d. tachycardia - ANSotitis externa All of the following statements about colloids are true, except they _____

a. contain large molecular weight particles that are unable to cross cell membranes b. affect osmoles c. are unable to hold fluid in vascular space d. are able to hold fluid in the vascular space. - ANSare unable to hold fluid in vascular space All of the following statements about physiologic saline are true, except it

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a. is also called normal saline b. is also called isotonic saline. c. is used to correct a sodium deficiency d. should not be used during surgery to bathe tissues - ANSshould not be used during surgery to bath tissues All patients presented for dermatologic problems have an underlying systemic illness. T/F - ANSFalse All psychotherapy drugs are thought to produce their effects by altering ______ activity in the brain. - ANSNeurotransmitter Amphotericin B may be used in the treatment of mycotic fungal infections T/F - ANSTrue An 8-year old male Persian cat is brought in to the clinic with an early onset of apparent rear leg paralysis and tachycardia. What agent may be used to treat this condition? - ANSA fibronolytic agent such as streptokinase

An organophosphate is a substance that can interfere with the function of the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase T/F - ANSTrue Androgens are female sex hormones produced in the ovaries, adrenal cortex, and testicles. T/F - ANSFalse Anemia in baby pigs can be treated by the administration of - ANSIron compounds Antidiuretic hormone is normally secreted by the _____ pituitary gland - ANSPostererior Any patient receiving IV fluid therapy should be monitored every ___ to ___ minutes. - ANS15, Any product that contains the electrolyte _____ should be given by slow IV administration to prevent cardiac complications. - ANScalcium Apomorphine is _____ - ANSan emetic Atropine is contraindicated in _____ and _____ - ANSglaucoma, keratoconjunctivitis sicca Atropine Opthalmic agents are used to produce _____ - ANSmydriasis Atropine, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate, and aminopentamide are examples of what specific drug class? - ANSCholinergic blocking agents

Axons carry electric-like messages ____ (from) the nerve cell, and dendrites carry electric-like messages _____ (from) the nerve cell. - ANSAway: toward BAL has been administered to a 4-year-old Mixed-breed dog for arsenic poisoning. Which laboratory test should be monitored closely. - ANSBUN Before oxytocin can exert its effects on the uterus, the uterus must first be primed by ______ and _____ - ANSEstrogen and progesterone bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species? - ANSFelines Boluses are used in the treatment of - ANSLarge animals with a balling gun Bordetella bronchiseptica is a vaccine administered to - ANSdogs, cats Borrelia burgdorferi is an example of a _____vaccine - ANSRecombinant Briefly describe the phases of the cell cycle. - ANSG0, resting; G1, presynthesis preparation; S, DNA synthesis; G2, RNA production; and M, mitosis Calcium EDTA can be administered orally. T/F - ANSFalse Calculate the fluid needed for a 44-lb dog that is 6% dehydrated and is losing 100ml of fluid daily through vomiting. - ANS2520 mL

Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs - ANS Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____

• ANSPharmacokinetics Concurrent use of NSAIDS may _____ the effectiveness of captopril. - ANSDecrease Corticosteroid therapy involves the treatment of the signs of disease and often cures the disease as well. T/F - ANSFalse. it only treats symptoms. Corticosteroids are produced by the _____ - ANSadrenal cortex Corticosteroids have a lympholytic action, which makes them useful for treating _____ - ANSLymphoid neoplasia Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of circulating____ - ANSCortisol DEA forms are issued by - ANSfederal government Define chronotropic and inotropic effects in the relation to the heart. - ANSChronotropic refers to the rate of contraction where inotropic refers to force of contraction Define Compounding - ANSDiluting or combingin existing drugs

Define nutraceutical. Give an example - ANSA neutraceutical is any nontoxic food component that has scientifically proven health benefits, including disease treatment and prevention. Glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate Define preload and afterload in relation to the pumping mechanism of the heart. - ANSPreload is volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (amt of blood that must be pumped out) and afterload is the resistance in the arteries that the ventricle must overcome to pump blood.) Define windup as it applies to pain production - ANSCentral sensitization/hyperalgesia due to repeated stimulation of neurons of the spinothalamic tract Define: Agonist - ANSDrug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action Define: Contraindication - ANSA reason not to use a drug in a particular situation Define: Efficacy - ANSthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response. Define: Ethical Product - ANSone sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement Define: extralabel - ANSUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label Define: Hyperkalemia - ANSexcess potassium in the blood

Delayed billing has no perks for a veterinary practice owner. T/F - ANSFalse Depolarizatoin of cardiac cells is characterized by a rapid influx of _____ ions, a slower influx of _____ions and the outflow of _____ ions - ANSSodium (Na+), Calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K+) Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANSAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANSDrugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Describe how you would set up the first bag of fluids for a 44lb dog that is 6% dehydrated and is losing 100 ml of fluid daily through vomiting. - ANSFirst, check the bag to ensure that the solution is clear. Inspect the container's insertion port cover to make sure that it is intact and then remove the cover, being careful not to contaminate it. Close the flow clamp on the administration set, and remove the cover from the set spike. Wipe the port with an alcohol swab, and insert the spike into the insertion port. Hang the bag and fill the administration set line, clearing all bubbles in the process. Close the flow clamp and attach the line adapter to the intravenous catheter using sterile technique. Open the flow clamp and adjust the flow rate. Describe the difference between an agonist and an opioid antagonist - ANSAn agonist is a drug that combines with a receptor to bring about an action and an antagonist combines with a receptor to block the action.

Describe the difference between positive and negative feedback control mechanism in the endocrine system. - ANSNegative feedback= hypothalamus senses high level of a certain hormone and reduces the amount of releasing facto (RF)for this hormone. Positive feedback is when it senses low level and release more RF to cause increase in trophic hormone. describe the functions of the three basic defense mechnaisms of the respiratory system - ANSStructures in the nasal passages filter, warm, and humidify inspired air. The cough, sneeze and reverse sneeze attempt to remove foreign material that has entered the respiratory system Mucocilliary mechanism also removes foreign material from the respiratory system. Macrophages and immunoglobulins inactivate or destroy invasive organisms. Describe the marketing of animal health products - ANSPurchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter Describe the relationship between hormonal releasing factors, trophic hormones, and the hormones produced by specific tissues or glands. - ANSReleasing factors (RF's) are messengers made by the hypothalamus in response to its detection of hormone levels in the blood. RFs send messages to the pituitary to stimulate this gland to manufacture trophic hormones. Trophic hormones, in turn, stimulate a specific tissue or gland. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion - ANSDrug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid,