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PENN FOSTER VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 2 Questions and Correct Verified
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Why is the heart considered to be two pumps functionally? - ANSThe right atrium and right ventricle serve functionally as one pump for ejecting blood into the lungs and the left atrium and left ventricle pump blood to systemic circulation. Why should drugs be given by injection not be stored in syringes for any length of time before administration? - ANSThe plastic syringe may absorb the drug, which may cause it to be less effective Why should glyceryl guaiacolate not be mixed until just before use? - ANSBecause it tends to precipitate out of solution when stored why should heparin not be used as an anticoagulant when blood is collected for the performance of a differential count? - ANSIt may distort white blood cells making identification difficult Why should you be careful to avoid extravasation of antineoplastic drugs? - ANSBecause most are very irritating to tissue and may cause sloughing Why would you be concerned about using a thiobarbiturate to induce anesthesia in a very thin dog? - ANSThiobarbiturates are fat soluble which means fat acts like a sponge to take barbiturate out of circulation and away from CNS. thin animals will not absorb as much in to fat tissues and more will remain in bloodstream and may cause excessive depression of the CNS.
Xylazine is antagonized by _____ - ANSYohimbine Yohimbine HCL is a reversal agent for ____ - ANSRompun you are assisting the delivery of a litter of puppies and you deliver one that is not breathing adequately. What drug would the vet instruct to give and by what route? - ANSDoxapram (Dopram) may be administered under tongue or into umbilical vein, or by intramuscular injection. You have accidentally cut the quick of a Rottweiler puppy's nail. What would you use to stop the bleeding, and how does this agent work? - ANSSilver nitrate stick, trough coagulation of blood proteins __ can cause staining of teeth in young animals - ANSTetracyclines __ is a pyrazolone derivative - ANSPhenylbutazone ____ agents dilate the pupil - ANSMydriatic _____ are parasitic worms, including intestinal roundworms, filarial worms, lungworms, kidney worms, heartworms, and others. - ANSNematodes _____ are solutions containing electrolyte and nonelecrolytes substances that are capable of passing through cell membranes and therefore capable of entering all body fluid. - ANSCrystalloids
_____ is appored for use in lactating dairy animals. - ANSNaxcel _____ is characterized by the rapid influx of sodium ions into the cell through channels, the slower influx of calcium ions, and the outflow of potassium ions - ANSDepolarization _____ is considered (even today) to be the most effective of the opioids - ANSMorphine _____ is the anticoagulant of choice when a WBC differential is performed. - ANSEDTA _____ is the most commonly used formamidine in vet met - ANSAmitraz _____ is used to treat old-dog dementia - ANSAnipryl _____ results when the pumping ability of the heart is impaired to the extent that sodium and water are retained in an effort to compensate for inadequate cardiac output. - ANSCongestive Heart Failure _____ should never be given intravenously to horses. - ANSTetracycline _____ stain is the most commonly used dye for the detection of corneal epithelial defects - ANSfluorescein
_____ supplementation has been shown to be useful in treating certain dermatology conditions in dogs and cats. - ANSOmega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid _____ tissue is formed during healing of wounds of the soft tissue that consists of connective tissue cells and ingrown young vessels which ultimately form a scar. - ANSGranulation ______ are used to prevent or treat anemia. - ANSHematinics ______ is a determination of the osmotic pressure of a solution based on the relative number of solute particles in 1 kg of the solution - ANSOsmolality _______ is decreased body pH caused by excess hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid - ANSMetabolic acidosis ________ has been developed for the treatment of otodectes spp. - ANSAcarexx _____is(are) a major chemical mediator(s) of the allergic response. - ANSHistamine A ____ vaccine is prepared from live microorganisms or viruses. These organisms may be fully virulent or avirulent. Few vaccines of this origin are used. - ANSLive A _____ hormone is one that results in the production of a second hormone within a target gland. - ANSTrophic
A drug's _____ of activity is the range of bacteria affected by it's action. - ANSspectrum A fungicidal agent inhibits the growth of fungi T/F - ANSFalse. it kills fungi A heparin flush solution may be prepared by diluting heparin in saline at a concentration of _____ - ANS5 U/ml A hypnotic (anesthetic) known for its very short duration and white color is_____ - ANSPropofol A local anesthetic such as lidocaine may be the drug of choice when an epidural is performed to replace a prolapsed uterus in a bovine. T/F - ANSTrue A mean turnover rate of ____ is acceptable for most veterinary practices - ANS A product usually is determined to be a drug if its label has a claim that indicates a therapeutic or preventive intent T/F - ANSTrue A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - ANSIndication A relatively long ______________________ is important to cardiac cells to prevent a constant state of contraction from recycling impulses. - ANSRefractory period
A Simplex (gravity set) IV system is used to administer fluids to ____ animals - ANSlarge A substance that can initiate a fever is called a _____ - ANSPyrogen A substance with antitumor, antiviral, and immunoregulatory effects is _____ - ANSinterferon A synthetic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infection in animals is called _____ - ANSMetronidazole A tuberculin syringe holds up to _____mL of medication - ANS A(n) _____ will usually separate after long periods of shelf life and must be shaken well before use to provide a uniform dose - ANSsuspension A(n) ______ is an agent that produces superficial irritation that is intended to relieve some other irritation - ANSCounter irritant A(n) ______ vaccine is a specific antiserum aimed at a toxin that contains a concentration of antibodies extracted from the blood serum or plasma of a hyperimmunized animal. (usually a horse) - ANSantitoxin About what percent of the stomach's contents do emetics usually remove? - ANS80%
All needles should be discarded in a _____ - ANSsharps container All of the following are androgens except a. Winstrol-v b. Equipoise c. deca-durabolin d. regu-mate - ANSRegu Mate All of the following are benzodiazepines except _____ a. yohimbine b. diazepam c. alprazolam d. lorazepam - ANSa. yohimbine All of the following are important factors in a patients response to a vaccine except_____ a. health and age of patient b. type of vaccine given c. route of administration d. administering a medicated bath before giving the vaccine to clean the surface of the skin - ANSD, obviously, what the f*ck? All of the following are monthly heartworm preventives except a milbemycin axime
b. selamectin c. Heartgard plus d. diethylcarbamazine - ANSDiethylcarbamazine All of the following are sites for IV administration in small animals except a. jugular vein b. carotid artery c. lateral saphenous vein d. phalic vein - ANSb. carotid artery All of the following are types of corticosteroids except a. dexamethasone b. Predef c. Vetalog d. ketoprofen. - ANSKetoprofen All of the following drugs are classified as penicillins except a. cephalexin b. amoxicillin c. ampicillin d. cloxacillin - ANSCephalexin All of the following may be signs of dehydration except a. dry mucous membranes
Amphotericin B may be used in the treatment of mycotic fungal infections T/F - ANSTrue An 8-year old male Persian cat is brought in to the clinic with an early onset of apparent rear leg paralysis and tachycardia. What agent may be used to treat this condition? - ANSA fibronolytic agent such as streptokinase An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? - ANSFalse An animal with endoparasites is said to be _____ and and animal with ectoparasites is said to be _____ - ANSinfected, infested An arsenic compound administered by deep IM injection in the lumbar region is _____. - ANSMelasomine dihydrochloride. an example of _____ is the bacterium Moraxella bovis, the etiologic agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, or pinkeye, that is mechanically carried from the eyes of one cow to those of another on the sticky footpads of the face fly Musca autumnalis - ANSphoresis An example of a tricyclic antidepressant used in vet med for separation anxiety in dogs is_____ - ANSClomicalm An indwelling catheter should be replaced with a new one every ____ hours - ANS An inhibitory neurotransmitter that is widely distributed in the brain is_____ - ANSGABA
An item may be placed on back order just because the pharmaceutic company is changing the color of the drug's label T/F - ANSTrue An organophosphate is a substance that can interfere with the function of the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase T/F - ANSTrue Androgens are female sex hormones produced in the ovaries, adrenal cortex, and testicles. T/F - ANSFalse Anemia in baby pigs can be treated by the administration of - ANSIron compounds Antidiuretic hormone is normally secreted by the _____ pituitary gland - ANSPostererior Any patient receiving IV fluid therapy should be monitored every ___ to ___ minutes. - ANS15, Any product that contains the electrolyte _____ should be given by slow IV administration to prevent cardiac complications. - ANScalcium Apomorphine is _____ - ANSan emetic Atropine is contraindicated in _____ and _____ - ANSglaucoma, keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Calcium EDTA can be administered orally. T/F - ANSFalse Calculate the fluid needed for a 44-lb dog that is 6% dehydrated and is losing 100ml of fluid daily through vomiting. - ANS2520 mL Cardiac cells are connected by intercalated disks and a fusion of cell membranes to form a _____ - ANSSyncytium (interconnected mass) Cardiomyopathy is a potential side effect of which antineoplastic agent? - ANSDoxorubicin Catecholamines such as epinephrine are used in veterinary cardiology primarily for _____ - ANSStimulation of cardiac contraction in cardiac arrest Cerumen is a substance that is commonly found in what anatomic part of the body? - ANSear CHS is associated with all of the following except: a. Exercise intolerance b. pulmonary edema c.ascites d. diaphragmatic hernia. - ANSDiaphragmatic hernia Cimetidine is _____ - ANSH2 receptor antagonist Clindamycin is classified as a(n) _____ - ANSTetracycline
Codein is classified in what category of controlled substances? - ANSSchedule V Commercial fluids with an osmolality of 300 mOsm/L are _____ - ANSisotonic Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs - ANS Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____
- ANSPharmacokinetics Concurrent use of NSAIDS may _____ the effectiveness of captopril. - ANSDecrease Corticosteroid therapy involves the treatment of the signs of disease and often cures the disease as well. T/F - ANSFalse. it only treats symptoms. Corticosteroids are produced by the _____ - ANSadrenal cortex Corticosteroids have a lympholytic action, which makes them useful for treating _____ - ANSLymphoid neoplasia Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of circulating____ - ANSCortisol DEA forms are issued by - ANSfederal government
Define: extralabel - ANSUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label Define: Hyperkalemia - ANSexcess potassium in the blood Define: neurotransmitter - ANSA neurotransmitter is a chemical substance released by a nerve ending at the synapse. It acts on the adjacent neuron to stimulate, inhibit, or change its activity. Define: Over-the-counter drug - ANSOne that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian Define: Prescription Drug - ANSOne that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina Define: Receptor - ANSa group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect Define: Therapeutic Index - ANSexpresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANSRelationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed. Define: Withdrawl Time - ANSAmount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ - ANSefficacy Delayed billing has no perks for a veterinary practice owner. T/F - ANSFalse Depolarizatoin of cardiac cells is characterized by a rapid influx of _____ ions, a slower influx of _____ions and the outflow of _____ ions - ANSSodium (Na+), Calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K+) Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANSAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANSDrugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Describe how you would set up the first bag of fluids for a 44lb dog that is 6% dehydrated and is losing 100 ml of fluid daily through vomiting. - ANSFirst, check the bag to ensure that the solution is clear. Inspect the container's insertion port cover to make sure that it is intact and then remove the cover, being careful not to contaminate it. Close the flow clamp on the administration set, and remove the cover from the set spike. Wipe the port with an alcohol swab, and insert the spike into the insertion port. Hang the bag and fill the administration set line, clearing all bubbles in the process. Close the flow clamp and attach the line adapter to the intravenous catheter using sterile technique. Open the flow clamp and adjust the flow rate.
