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Veterinary Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

DeVry University - PennsylvaniaNursing

A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts in veterinary pharmacology. It explores various aspects of drug administration, effects, and interactions in animals. Particularly useful for students preparing for exams in veterinary pharmacology.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/15/2025

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PENN FOSTER VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM Questions and Answers Latest Versions
2025 TOP RATED A+
1. Give examples of sensible and insensible fluid losses?
Ans: sensible losses primarily represented in urine losses.
insensible loses include fecal, sweat, and respiratory losses.
2. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system?
Ans: Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote
neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting.
3. Identify examples of respiratory drugs?
Ans: Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants
4. List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation?
Ans: NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
5. Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs?
Ans: Ophthalmic Drugs (Eye Drops/Ointments):
1. Target Area: These drugs are specifically designed to treat conditions of the eyes.
2. Formulation: Typically come in liquid (eye drops) or ointment forms for easy application
to the eye.
3. Purpose: Used to treat eye infections, dryness, inflammation, glaucoma, allergies, and
other eye disorders.
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Download Veterinary Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

PENN FOSTER VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY

EXAM Questions and Answers Latest Versions

2025 TOP RATED A+

  1. Give examples of sensible and insensible fluid losses? Ans: sensible losses primarily represented in urine losses. insensible loses include fecal, sweat, and respiratory losses.

  2. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system? Ans: Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting.

  3. Identify examples of respiratory drugs? Ans: Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants

  4. List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation? Ans: NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks

  5. Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs? Ans: Ophthalmic Drugs (Eye Drops/Ointments):

    1. Target Area : These drugs are specifically designed to treat conditions of the eyes.
    2. Formulation : Typically come in liquid (eye drops) or ointment forms for easy application to the eye.
    3. Purpose : Used to treat eye infections, dryness, inflammation, glaucoma, allergies, and other eye disorders.
  1. Administration : Administered directly into the eye (conjunctival sac) using dropper bottles or applied as an ointment along the lower eyelid.
  2. Common Examples : Antibiotic eye drops (e.g., ciprofloxacin), anti-allergy drops (e.g., ketotifen), and glaucoma medications (e.g., latanoprost). Otic Drugs (Ear Drops):
  3. Target Area : These drugs are designed to treat conditions of the ears.
  4. Formulation : Commonly available as ear drops (liquid form) or sometimes ear ointments.
  5. Purpose : Used to treat ear infections, earwax buildup, pain, and inflammation in the ear.
  6. Administration : Administered directly into the ear canal (usually while lying down with the ear facing up).
  7. Common Examples : Antibiotic ear drops (e.g., ofloxacin), earwax removal drops (e.g., carbamide peroxide), and corticosteroid ear drops for inflammation.
  8. Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs? Ans: Cardiovascular Drugs:
  9. Target System : Cardiovascular drugs are primarily designed to treat conditions related to the heart and blood vessels.
  10. Function : These drugs help manage blood pressure , heart rate , cholesterol levels , blood clotting , and cardiac function.
  11. Examples : o Antihypertensives (e.g., ACE inhibitors like enalapril) o Statins (e.g., atorvastatin for lowering cholesterol) o Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) o Diuretics (e.g., furosemide) o Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol)

Similarities:

  • Oral Administration : Both drug categories are commonly taken orally in tablet, capsule, or liquid form.
  • Role in Chronic Conditions : Both cardiovascular and GI drugs are used to manage chronic conditions, requiring long-term treatment and monitoring.
  • Side Effects : Both categories can cause gastrointestinal discomfort (e.g., nausea, diarrhea) as a side effect.
  1. Describe how antiparasitic drugs work? Ans: Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving.
  2. Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health? Ans: Replacement drugs are essential in animal health for managing deficiencies, diseases, organ failures, or recovery from injuries. They help restore balance, support the healing process, and improve the overall quality of life for animals, especially when the body is unable to produce or maintain sufficient quantities of necessary substances on its own.
  3. Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control? Ans: Keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
  4. Define Agonist? Ans: Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
  5. Define Contraindication?

Ans: A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation

  1. Define Efficacy? Ans: The degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
  2. Define Over-the-counter drug? Ans: One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian.
  3. Define Prescription Drug? Ans: One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarian.
  4. Define Receptor? Ans: A group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect.
  5. Define Therapeutic Index? Ans: Expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects
  6. Define Withdrawal Time? Ans: Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients’ tissues or products.
  7. Define Veterinarian-client-patient relationship? Ans: Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
  8. List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med? Ans:

surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.

  1. List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient? Ans: Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
  2. List some of the factors that influence drug absorption? Ans: Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs.
  3. Most biotransformation occurs in the_____? Ans: Liver
  4. Most drug excretion occurs via the ______? Ans: Kidneys
  5. Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____? Ans: Receptors
  6. The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called? Ans: Trade/Proprietary Name
  7. What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label?

Ans: Names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date

  1. What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health products? Ans: FDA, EPA, USDA
  2. Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? Ans: Profit earned from selling products
  3. Describe the marketing of animal health products? Ans: Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
  4. All FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____? Ans: The Green Book
  5. What is the purpose of FARAD? Ans: Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals
  6. Extra label veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of congress? Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
  7. Define Compounding? Ans: Diluting or combing in existing drugs
  8. What are potential dangers of residues in animal products?

Ans: Using a drug in a way not specified by the label

  1. Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____? Ans: Pharmacokinetics
  2. Parenteral drugs are administered________? Ans: By injections.
  3. The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____? Ans: Metabolism (biotransformation)
  4. Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________? Ans: Efficacy
  5. An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? Ans: False
  6. List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted drugs? Ans: 1. Incinerate when possible
  7. Send to landfill when incinerated
  8. Never flush down drain or toilet
  9. Maintain close inventory control
  10. Follow state and federal guidelines
  11. Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
  1. Name 4 common Drug Preparations? Ans: Drugs for oral administration, drugs for parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations.
  2. Boluses are used in the treatment of? Ans: Large animals with a balling gun
  3. Name two types of parenteral injection forms? Ans: injections, implants.
  4. Vials may be either ___ dose or ___ dose? Ans: single-, multi-
  5. All needles should be discarded in a _____? Ans: Sharps container.
  6. Name the 6 rights of drug administration? Ans: Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time and frequency, right documentation
  7. Oral drugs should never be administered in animals that are? Ans: Vomiting
  8. Intravenous administration of drugs allows the most _____ and effective administration? Ans: Rapid
  9. An indwelling catheter should be replaced with a new one every ____ hours?
  1. A(n) _____ will usually separate after long periods of shelf life and must be shaken well before use to provide a uniform dose? Ans: Suspension
  2. Which syringe is constructed in such a way that the needle screws onto the tip of the syringe? Ans: Luer-Lok tip
  3. All of the following are sites for IV administration in small animals except a. jugular vein b. carotid artery c. lateral saphenous vein d. Cephalic vein? Ans: b. carotid artery
  4. If an IV catheter is not used continuously it should be flushed with heparinized saline every ___ to ___ hours? Ans: 8,
  5. Cerumen is a substance that is commonly found in what anatomic part of the body? Ans: ear
  6. Any patient receiving IV fluid therapy should be monitored every ___ to ___ minutes.? Ans: 15,
  7. IV tubing should be changed after a ___ to ___ hour period? Ans: 48, 72
  1. When an intramuscular injection is given in the pelvic limb of a dog or cat, the area near the ___ nerve should be avoided.? Ans: sciatic
  2. Describe the difference between an agonist and an opioid antagonist? Ans: An agonist is a drug that combines with a receptor to bring about an action and an antagonist combines with a receptor to block the action.
  3. Define neurotransmitter? Ans: A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance released by a nerve ending at the synapse. It acts on the adjacent neuron to stimulate, inhibit, or change its activity.
  4. The area of the brain that serves to relay information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the interpretation center in the cerebrum is the_____? Ans: Thalamus
  5. Most CNS drugs act by _____ or _____ the effects of neurotransmitters.? Ans: - Interrupting the generation or conduction of nerve impulses
  6. What are the primary neurotransmitters for adrenergic receptors? Ans: Epinephrine and norepinephrine
  7. List the four primary ways in which drugs affect the ANS? Ans: Mimicking neurotransmitters, interfering with neurotransmitters release, blocking the attachment of neurotransmitters to receptors and interfering with the breakdown of neurotransmitters
  8. List five indications for the use of cholinergic agents?
  1. List some of the signs of a narcotic overdose? Ans: Respiratory depression, cardiac depression, agitation, excitement, or seizures
  2. List two narcotic antagonists? Ans: Naloxone and nalorphine
  3. Why should glyceryl guaiacolate not be mixed until just before use? Ans: Because it tends to precipitate out of solution when stored
  4. you are assisting the delivery of a litter of puppies and you deliver one that is not breathing adequately. What drug would the vet instruct to give and by what route?? Ans: Doxapram (Dopram) may be administered under tongue or into umbilical vein, or by intramuscular injection.
  5. Why are euthanasia solutions that contain only pentobarbital classified as Class II controlled substances, whereas those that contain pentobarbital and other substances are classified as Class III controlled substances? Ans: Some pentobarbital agents have a red dye added to distinguish them from pentobarbital agents that may be used for anesthesia. They are easily identified as euthanasia agents and have less potential for abuse.
  6. All psychotherapy drugs are thought to produce their effects by altering ______ activity in the brain? Ans: Neurotransmitter
  7. Dissociative agents such as ketamine and tiletamine may cause _____ at the injection site? Ans: Burning
  1. A hypnotic (anesthetic) known for its very short duration and white color is_____? Ans: Propofol
  2. An inhibitory neurotransmitter that is widely distributed in the brain is_____? Ans: GABA
  3. A benzodiazepine that is used as an antianxiety medication and as an appetite stimulant in cats is _____? Ans: Diazepam
  4. An example of a tricyclic antidepressant used in vet med for separation anxiety in dogs is_____? Ans: Clomicalm
  5. _____ is used to treat old-dog dementia? Ans: Anipryl
  6. The nervous system carries out activity very rapidly by sending electric-like messages over a network of nerve fibers. The ____ system works much more slowly by sending chemical messengers through the bloodstream to target structures.? Ans: endocrine
  7. The ___nervous system is under voluntary control? Ans: Somatic
  8. the _____ is the fundamental unit of the nervous system? Ans: Neuron

c. alprazolam d. lorazepam? Ans: a. yohimbine

  1. What structures would a molecule of oxygen pass over or through as it travels from the environment to the alveoli? Ans: Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
  2. what are the 4 primary functions of the respiratory system? Ans: oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange, regulation of acid base balance, body temperature regulation and voice production.
  3. describe the functions of the three basic defense mechanisms of the respiratory system? Ans: Structures in the nasal passages filter, warm, and humidify inspired air. The cough, sneeze and reverse sneeze attempt to remove foreign material that has entered the respiratory system Mucocilliary mechanism also removes foreign material from the respiratory system. Macrophages and immunoglobulins inactivate or destroy invasive organisms.
  4. What are three important principles of respiratory therapeutics? Ans: Control of secretions, control of reflexes, maintenance of normal airflow.
  5. Expectorants are indicted when what type of cough is present? Ans: Productive
  6. Mucolytics decrease the viscosity of respiratory mucous by what mechanism? Ans: Through the breakdown of disulfide chemical bonds.
  7. Acetylcysteine is administered by what method for pulmonary uses?

Ans: - Nebulization

  1. What is the mechanism of action of most antitussives used in vet-medicine? Ans: Through depression of the cough center in the brain
  2. Codein is classified in what category of controlled substances? Ans: Schedule V
  3. List three mechanisms that can cause smooth muscle contraction in the bronchioles? Ans: Release of acetylcholine, release of histamine, and blockade of beta 2 - adrenergic receptors
  4. List two bronchodilators that are beta2-adrenergic agonists? Ans: Epinephrine and Albuterol
  5. The methylxanthines bring about bronchodilation by inhibiting what cellular enzyme? Ans: Phosphodiesterase
  6. List two potential uses for antihistamines in veterinary medicine? Ans: Treatment of insect bites and treatment of hives in horses.
  7. What suffix is found at the end of many antihistamine names? Ans: - amine
  8. List two potential uses for Dopram?