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Perioperative Nursing Care Overview Exam 2025-2026 Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified Correct Answers JUST RELEASED What are the risks associated with the use of illicit drugs and nicotine before surgery? They can increase the risk of adverse reactions and interfere with anesthesia. What is the significance of family history in surgical risk assessment? Family history can provide insights into potential genetic risks that may affect surgical outcomes. What types of surgical settings are there? Hospital, ambulatory care centers, and same-day surgery centers. What is the purpose of specialized surgical centers? Some centers perform a variety of procedures, while others specialize in particular areas, such as eye surgery or plastic surgery. What are examples of specialized inventory centers in healthcare? Eye surgery centers, same-day surgery centers, outpatient centers. What is the role of perioperative nurses in patient safety? They should be knowledgeable about AORN's Perioperative Standards and Recommended Practices, participate in patient safety programs, and hold peers accountable for safety standards. How does a patient safety culture impact surgical care? It improves patient care through good teamwork, communication, and accountability. What is the purpose of a preoperative health history and physical assessment? It serves as a screening process, establishes baseline data, and begins discharge planning. What is the significance of identifying potential risk factors during preoperative assessment? It can improve patient safety and outcomes by increasing awareness of surgical risks. What does preoperative assessment involve? It includes reviewing preoperative testing results, verifying consent, and preparing the patient for surgery. What vital signs are typically assessed preoperatively? Blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, temperature, and pain level. What factors influence laboratory and diagnostic examinations in preoperative assessment? Patient's medical problem, pre-existing illness, overall health status, age, and surgical procedure. What is the goal of preoperative teaching? To decrease fear, anxiety, and stress, and reduce postoperative complications. What is the purpose of informed consent in surgery? It gives legal authorization for the surgical procedure and protects the patient and healthcare team from unauthorized procedures. Who is responsible for obtaining informed consent? It protects the patient from unauthorized procedures and the healthcare team from claims. What is the role of the anesthesia team during preoperative assessments? They perform their own evaluations to ensure patient safety and readiness for surgery. What are the consequences of not following facility policies regarding informed consent? It may lead to legal issues or complications in patient care. What is the significance of establishing baseline data during preoperative assessment? It allows for comparison and monitoring of the patient's condition throughout the surgical process. What techniques can enhance the informed consent process? Incorporating language that is easy to read, shortening the form, increasing font size, bulleting information, and using a teach-back technique. What is the primary focus during the intraoperative phase? Continuous monitoring of safe and proper positioning of vital signs. What is the role of the circulating nurse in the surgical team? Acts as a patient advocate and liaison, coordinates the needs of the surgical team, obtains supplies, and documents in the electronic medical record. What are the responsibilities of the scrub nurse? Prepares and maintains the sterile field, assists the surgeon by passing instruments and supplies, and ensures surgical acceptance. What is the role of the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) during surgery? Administers anesthesia, collaborates with the anesthesiologist, and monitors the patient during surgery. What is the purpose of surgical handwashing? To prevent the spread of microorganisms and infections in the surgical environment. What are the guidelines for surgical attire regarding fingernails? Natural fingernails should be na longer than fingertip length, clear nail polish is acceptable if not chipped, and artificial nails are not allowed. Why should rings and jewelry be removed before surgery? Even a plain band has been associated with a higher bacterial count, increasing the risk of infection. What did Ward, Cooper, Lippert et al (2014) find regarding surgical gowns? Disposable paper gowns showed a lower rate of bacterial contamination than cloth surgical gowns. What is the importance of the scrub nurse/assistant during surgery? They may assist with certain aspects of the procedure while maintaining sterile technique. What is the significance of the teach-back technique in informed consent? It ensures that the patient understands the information by having them restate it. Counts sharps, sponges, and instruments as they are added to the sterile field. What is the impact of increasing font size and bulleting information in patient consent forms? It enhances readability and understanding for the average person. What is the main concern regarding surgical attire? To maintain sterility and prevent infections during surgical procedures. What did Ward, Cooper, Lippert et al (2014) find regarding disposable paper gowns? Disposable paper gowns showed a lower rate of bacterial contamination than cloth surgical gowns, leading to their recommendation for all surgery personnel. Why do many organizations recommend double-gloving during surgical procedures? To protect the provider from contamination due to the risk of tearing a hole in the gloves. What is the benefit of exchanging the outer glove during a surgical procedure? It reduces contamination, especially before handling implants or prosthetic joints. What is general anesthesia? A type of anesthesia that induces rapid unconsciousness and loss of sensation, with the patient completely motionless during the procedure. What are some risks associated with general anesthesia? Complications such as stroke (CVA), heart attack (MI), or pulmonary embolism. What characterizes conscious sedation? The patient can be awakened, may feel drowsy, can communicate if needed, and is typically monitored with supplemental oxygen. What is regional anesthesia? Anesthesia that blocks sensation in a specific area of the body, including techniques like peripheral nerve block and epidural anesthesia. What is an epidural anesthesia? Administered through a catheter into the epidural space to produce loss of sensation without depressing respiration, often used during childbirth. What is the purpose of local anesthesia? To produce a loss of pain sensation at a specific site, and it can also be used for post- operative pain relief. What is the role of a PACU nurse in the postoperative phase? To receive post-surgery reports, monitor patient condition, and perform assessments including vital signs and neurologic status. What are some goals for preoperative planning? Patients will exhibit vital signs within normal limits and verbalize understanding of the surgical procedure before the operation. What are intraoperative goals for patient care? Ensuring the patient's airway remains patent and that they are positioned appropriately during surgery. To ensure proper healing and prevent complications such as infection or excessive bleeding. What should be included in a neurologic assessment during the postoperative phase? Evaluating the patient's level of consciousness, motor function, and sensory response. How can local anesthesia be used after major surgery? To provide post-operative pain relief at the surgical site. What are the signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism? Anxiety, restlessness, chest pain, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, leg pain and swelling, dysrhythmias, tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypotension. What are common symptoms of pneumonia? Dyspnea, adventitious breath sounds, chest pain, chills, fever, and cough, which may be productive with purulent or rust-colored secretions. What is atelectasis? Atelectasis refers to a collapsed lung. What are common assessment findings in atelectasis? Cough, dyspnea, anxiety, chest pain, cyanosis, diminished breath sounds over the affected area, and crackles. What are some complications of wound healing? Infection, delayed wound healing, dehiscence (failure of the wound to remain closed), and evisceration (protrusion of internal organs through an opened surgical site). What is the purpose of the Aldrete score? The Aldrete score is used to gauge a patient's physiologic recovery after anesthesia. What are key components of postoperative care after anesthesia? Early ambulation, fluids and hydration, diet advancement, and discharge planning. What breathing techniques are used by postoperative patients? Controlled cough, deep breaths in through the nose and exhaled through the mouth, diaphragmatic breathing, and pursed-lip exhalation. What should be documented regarding patient education on breathing techniques? Documentation should include the correct procedure, performance times, patient concerns or discomfort, respiratory assessments before and after the procedure, and the number of times the patient performed each step. What is the purpose of postoperative splinting? Pastoperative splinting supports an incision and promotes comfort by decreasing pressure, discomfort, and pain related to the incision. When should postoperative splinting be used? During coughing, deep breathing, or movement that may cause sutures to tear. What is a common misconception about the use of an incentive spirometer? Patients may incorrectly believe it is used to help the cough reflex, when it is actually used to expand the lungs after surgery. What is the highest priority in nursing care for airway obstruction? Protrusion of internal organs through a surgical site that has opened. What is dehiscence in wound healing? Dehiscence is the failure of a wound to remain closed. What is the significance of documenting patient concerns postoperatively? It ensures that any discomfort or issues are addressed and provides a record of the patient's recovery process. What is the importance of hydration in postoperative care? Hydration is crucial for recovery and helps prevent complications. What is DVT and where does it commonly originate? DVT stands for deep vein thrombosis, which commonly originates in the deep veins of the legs. What are some causes of DVT in postoperative patients? DVT can result from trauma during surgery, decreased blood flow, and reduced mobility. What is the purpose of an incentive spirometer? An incentive spirometer is used to encourage deep inhalation and maintain lung expansion. What should be documented regarding the use of an incentive spirometer? Document the patient's education on the procedure, their concerns, discomfort, respiratory assessment before and after, and their use and tolerance of the spirometer. What is the recommended technique for using an incentive spirometer? The patient attempts to reach a set inhalation volume, which may be set by a PCP or respiratory therapy specialist. What are ankle pumps and how are they performed? Ankle pumps are leg exercises starting with one foot extended, pointing the toe until the foot is plantar flexed, then bending the knee while sliding the foot along the bed. What is the importance of leg exercises for postoperative patients? Leg exercises help maintain muscle tone and increase venous return. What should be done before applying TED hose to a patient? Measure the calf circumference at the widest section and the length from heel to mid- knee. Why are knee-high TED hose preferred over thigh-high TED hose? Knee-high TED hose are preferred because thigh-high can become a tourniquet, cutting off circulation if they slide down. What is a key consideration when applying TED hose? Ensure there are no wrinkles in the stockings once applied to avoid impaired circulation. What should be done to the patient's legs before applying stockings? Cleanse the client's legs and feet before applying the stockings. What is the correct procedure for putting on TED hose? Hold the stocking at the top cuff, slide the opposite hand down until reaching the heel, then ask the client to point their toes to slide the hose onto their foot. What should be done with TED hose every 3 days? Launder the stockings and dry them on a flat surface. What should the patient feel when performing ankle pumps? The patient should feel a pull or stretch in the calf during the exercise. What is the role of splinting during movement assistance? Splinting reduces pain and helps the patient turn more easily. What are the three phases of perioperative nursing care? Preoperative phase, Intraoperative phase, Postoperative phase. What is the goal of nursing care during the perioperative period? To propose a positive surgical outcome. What occurs during the preoperative phase? Patient assessment, education, and preparation for surgery. What is the purpose of the โtime outโ procedure in surgery? To verify patient identity and eliminate risks before the procedure begins. What does the intraoperative phase involve? Care provided during surgery, including anesthesia administration and patient monitoring. What is the role of hand-off communication in the postoperative phase? To update the postoperative nurse on the patient's status and medications given during the procedure. What are common patient responses during the postoperative phase? Altered consciousness, suppressed gag reflex, decreased urine production, and need for monitoring surgical dressings. What is the purpose of preoperative risk assessment? To evaluate the patient's health and readiness for surgery. What type of anesthesia provides a state of complete unconsciousness? General anesthesia. What is moderate sedation also known as? Conscious sedation. What is the role of regional anesthesia? To numb a specific region of the body by blocking nerve signals. What are some examples of regional anesthesia? Spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, and nerve blocks. What can affect a patient's response to anesthesia? Patient stress, anxiety, and fear. What is the significance of surgical site preparation? To minimize the risk of postoperative infections. What should be monitored in the postoperative phase? Vital signs, surgical dressings for drainage, and patient orientation. What are the classifications of surgery based on urgency? Elective, urgent, and emergency. Cataract surgery or breast biopsy. What defines high-risk surgery? High-risk surgery involves reconstruction or alteration of body parts, is performed when the patient's health candition is not immediately life-threatening, and can lead to complications or death. What is a critical medical problem that requires immediate surgery? A critical medical problem is performed immediately to preserve life, such as treating internal bleeding from a gunshot wound or an appendectomy for a ruptured appendix. What are some types of surgical procedures? Ablative, constructive, reconstructive, restorative, transplantation, palliative, and cosmetic. What factors affect the degree of surgical risk? General health, medications, mental and cognitive status, nutrition, cardiac disorders, blood coagulation disorders, respiratory disorders, renal disorders, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, use of illicit drugs and nicotine, family history, and previous surgeries. How does general health affect surgical risk? People in good health have lower surgical risks, while certain health conditions increase the risk for complications. What role do antibiotics play in surgical procedures? Antibiotics are given prophylactically to reduce the risk of infection. How can medications affect surgical risk? Medications that affect the central nervous system can interfere with anesthesia, while herbal medications can increase the risk for bleeding. What nutritional factors can increase surgical risk? Malnutrition and obesity can increase surgical risk; deficiencies in protein and vitamin K can contribute to poor wound healing. What cardiac disorders can increase surgical risk? Myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, chest pain, hypertension, and heart failure. What respiratory disorders can increase surgical risk? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia can increase the risk of respiratory depression. How does liver disease affect surgical risk? Liver disease interferes with metabolism, protein synthesis, coagulation, and glucose homeostasis. What is the impact of diabetes mellitus on surgical risk? Diabetes mellitus can delay wound healing and may elevate glucose levels due to the stress of surgery. 
