Download Pest Control Exam With Correct Detailed Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Pest Control Exam With Correct Detailed
Answers
Pest - ANSWER-an undesirable organism that injures humans, desirable plants and animals, manufactured products, or natural substances. pathogens - ANSWER-disease-causing organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi Pesticide resistance - ANSWER-When pests adapt and become resistant to a pesticide. First seen in resistance to DDT in 1947 bioaccumulation - ANSWER-The accumulation of pesticide in the fatty tissue of some animals biomagnification - ANSWER-The Food chain. Organisms with pesticides in their tissues are eaten by fish, which are in turn eaten by birds. The birds at the top of the food chain accumulate the highest concentration of pesticide residues. The Four main groups of pest organisms - ANSWER-weeds, invertebrate animals, pathogens, and vertebrate animals. Never classify an organism as a pest until it is clearly determined to be one. The first step in pest management - ANSWER-accurately identify the pest Abiotic factors - ANSWER-natural control measures within the environment that injure or destroy plants and animals, including pests. Applied Controls - ANSWER-When humans try to eliminate pests.
- Biological Control
- Chemical control
- Cultural Control
- Genetic control
- Mechanical/Physical Control
- Regulatory Control Biological control - ANSWER-the use of natural enemies —predators, parasites, pathogens, and competitors—to control pests and their damage. Chemical control - ANSWER-the pest management method that involves using naturally derived and/or synthetic chemicals to manage pests. Pesticide - ANSWER-any material that is applied to plants, soil, water, harvested crops, structures, clothing and furnishings, or animals to kill, attract, repel, or regulate or interrupt the growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth. Avicides - ANSWER-control or repel pest birds Bactericides - ANSWER-control bacteria Chemosterilants - ANSWER-sterilize insects or pest vertebrates. Defoliants - ANSWER-cause leaves (foliage) to drop from plants Desiccants - ANSWER-promote drying or loss of moisture from plant tissues and insects Disinfectants - ANSWER-(antimicrobials) control microorganisms. Fungicides - ANSWER-control fungi Growth regulators - ANSWER-alter the growth or development of a plant or animal. Herbicides - ANSWER-control weeds Insecticides - ANSWER-control insects and related arthropods
plants or animals. These pesticides must directly touch the pest or a site the pest frequents to be effective persistence - ANSWER-how long the pesticide will remain active to control pests residual pesticides - ANSWER-Pesticides that control pests for weeks, months, or even years. Cultural Control - ANSWER-practices that reduce pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal, and survival. Cultural practices and sanitation are two examples of cultural control.Mowing, irrigation, aeration, and fertilization, crop rotation, and the use of trap crops, etc Sanitation - ANSWER-Eliminating the necessities important to a pest's survival, such as food, water or shelter. Genetic Control - ANSWER-When certain things are naturally resistant to insects, pathogens, or nematodes, also when plants are genetically manipulated to be resilient to chemical pesticides. Mechanical and physical control - ANSWER-When you kill a pest directly or make its environment unsuitable. Rodent traps are examples of mechanical control.Physical controls include mulches for weed management, steam soil sterilization for disease control, deer fences, screens to keep insects out, and cloth mesh to exclude birds from fruit trees. Fun Fact#1 - ANSWER-Lowered temperatures kill the insects, cause them to stop feeding, and prevent egg hatch or development. Installing bright lights in attics sometimes discourages bats from roosting there. Lowering the humidity of stored grains and other food products reduces damage from molds and some insects. Increasing air movement in greenhouses often helps to prevent fungal diseases from developing on plants Regulatory Control - ANSWER-When pest problems cannot be controlled successfully at a local level or by individuals and must be directed by governmental agencies according to federal and state laws target the introduction and spread of such pests. This is done through Quarantine or eradication.
Quarantine - ANSWER-A pest control process designed to prevent entry of certain pests into pest-free areas Eradication - ANSWER-The elimination of a pest from a designated area. Often, these pests are under quarantine restrictions. Integrated pest management - ANSWER-a balanced, tactical approach to pest control. It defines ways to anticipate pest outbreaks and prevent pest damage. Advantages of Integrated Pest Management - ANSWER-helps preserve a balanced ecosystem, Pesticides can be ineffective, IPM can save money, promotes a healthy environment, helps maintain a good public image Steps of Integrated Pest Management - ANSWER-1.) Identify the pest and understand its biology.
Monitor the pest to be managed.
Develop the pest management goal.
Implement the IPM program.
Record and evaluate results The key to a successful IPM program is regular monitoring Key pests - ANSWER-Pest that cause major damage on a regular basis.Many weeds, and Cockroaches and rodents are also examples of key pests because their waste and body coverings (shed cockroach skins; rodent hairs) can trigger asthma in some people Secondary pests - ANSWER-become a problem when a key pest is controlled or absent. Certain species of fleas, ticks, and blood-feeding bugs attack people only when their natural hosts, such as pet dogs or cats,
- Reevaluate older pesticides to ensure that they meet more recent safety standards.
- Implement programs to require the certification of applicators of restricted-use pesticides (RUPs).
- Protect agricultural workers and pesticide handlers from occupa- tional pesticide exposure. True or False: All pesticides are classified according to their potential hazards under the circumstances in which they are to be used. - ANSWER-True Unclassified-use pesticides - ANSWER-commonly referred to as general-use pesticides. The EPA has officially classified very few pesticides as general use. Normally, general-use pesticides have a lower toxicity than restricted use pesticides (RUPs) and so are less likely to harm humans or the environment. The general public can buy general-use pesticides without special permits or restrictions. restricted use pesticides - ANSWER-Generally, EPA classifies a pesticide as restricted use if it exceeds one or more human health toxicity criteria or based on other regulatory standards. EPA may also classify a pesticide as restricted use if it meets certain criteria for hazards to nontarget organisms or ecosystems. The restricted-use classification designation must be prominently placed on the top of the front panel of the pesticide product labeling True or False Some pesticide active ingredients may be listed in both use categories depending on the formulation, the application method, and the intended uses. - ANSWER-True True or False RUPs may not be sold only to certified applicators or their authorized representatives. - ANSWER-False Two types of certified pesticide applicators - ANSWER-private and commercial Private applicators - ANSWER-certified applicators who use or supervise the use of any RUP for the purpose of producing an agricultural commodity on their own property or property they rent or lease. Commercial applicators - ANSWER-individuals who use or supervise the use of any RUP for any purpose on any property except for those listed under the definition of a private applicator. Except for ______________ _______ pesticides, all pesticides distributed and sold in the United States must be registered by EPA - ANSWER-minimum-risk pesticides Fun Fact #4 - ANSWER-Once registered, a pesticide may not legally be used unless the use is con- sistent with the approved directions for use on the pesticide's labeling.
Pesticides are widely used in producing food. These pesticides may remain in small amounts (called resi- dues) in or on fruits, vegetables, grains, and animal feed. Before allowing the use of a pesticide on food crops, EPA sets a _____________ or maximum residue limit. A ____________ is the amount of pesticide residue that may legally remain on or in treated crops and animal - ANSWER-Tolerance reregistration - ANSWER-a one-time program done by the EPA to review older pesticides (those initially registered before November 1984) to ensure that they meet current scientific and regulatory standards Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) - ANSWER-Implemented a new program called registration review. Under this program, EPA periodically reevaluates pesticides to ensure that products in the marketplace can still be used safely as policies and practices change Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) - ANSWER-called for reassessing existing tolerances and tolerance exemptions to ensure that they meet the legal safety standard. They govern the establishment of pesticide tolerances for food and feed products Unlawful Acts include: - ANSWER-• Distributing, selling, or delivering an unregistered pesticide.
- Making any advertising claim about a pesticide not included in the registration statement.
- Selling any registered pesticide if its content does not conform to labeling data.
- Selling an adulterated or mis- branded pesticide.
- Detaching, altering, defacing, or destroying any part of a con- tainer or labeling.
- Refusing to keep records or permit authorized EPA inspections.
- Making a guarantee other than that specified by the labeling.
- Advertising an RUP without giving the product classification.
- Making an RUP available to a noncertified applicator (except as provided by law).
- Using a pesticide in any manner inconsistent with the labeling. you must use all pes-ticides exactly according to labeling directions. The label is the law! Food Quality Protection Act (FPQA) - ANSWER-Set a higher standard for pesticides used on food. This safety standard considers the aggregate risk from dietary and other nonoccupational sources of exposure, such as drinking water and residential lawn use. In addition, when setting new or reassessing existing tolerances, the FQPA requires EPA to focus explicitly on exposures and risks to infants and children. Other FQPA mandates require EPA to: - ANSWER-• Establish a tolerance only if there is "a reasonable certainty" that no harm will result from all combined sources of exposure to pesticides (aggregate
Fun Fact #6 - ANSWER-Currently, EPA classifies every pesticide product as either restricted use or unclassified/general use. EPA establishment number - ANSWER-must be on the pesticide label to identify the facility that produced the product. signal word - ANSWER-This designation indi- cates the relative acute toxicity of the product to humans and animals. Such as "Danger" "Poison" "Keep out of reach of children" DANGER—POISON, skull and crossbones symbol - ANSWER-These words and symbol must appear on all products that are highly toxic by any route of entry into the body. The word "poison" must appear in red. These products can cause death in very low doses. DANGER - ANSWER-This word signals that the product is highly toxic by at least one route of entry. Products with this signal word can cause severe eye damage or skin irritation. WARNING - ANSWER-This word signals that the product is moderately toxic either orally, dermally, or through inhalation or causes moderate eye and skin irritation. CAUTION - ANSWER-This word signals that the product is slightly toxic either orally, dermally, or through inhalation or causes slight eye and skin irritation restricted-entry interval (REI) - ANSWER-specifies how much time must pass between the pesticide application and the reentry of unprotected workers into a treated area. If two or more pesticides are mixed together, you are required to follow the most restrictive (longer) REI. Safety Data Sheets - ANSWER-provide more details about specific chemi- cal and physical properties than do pesticide labels. Unlike the FIFRA label, which is designed specifically for the pesticide end user (the applicator), the SDS is a document regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and designed for use by multiple professionals (manufacturers, transporters, medical personnel, and firefighters). NEVER use it in place of the label! Pesticide Formulation - ANSWER-is a combination of active and inert ingredients that forms an end-use pesticide product. Inert ingredients have no pesticidal activity Fun Fact #7 - ANSWER-Liquid pesticide products are usually one of the following:
- A solution.
- A suspension.
- An emulsion.
solution - ANSWER-made by dissolving a substance in a liquid. A true solution is a mixture, but it cannot be separated by filtration or other mechanical means. Once made, a true solution will not "settle out" and does not need shaking or stirring suspension - ANSWER-formed by dispersing fine (very small), solid particles in a liquid. These solid particles do not dissolve in the liquid carrier. Suspensions must be agitated to maintain uniform particle distribution emulsion - ANSWER-a mixture made by suspending droplets of one liquid in another. Each ingredient retains its unique properties and identity. To make an emulsion, an active ingredient is dissolved in an oil- based solvent and then further diluted with water.
