Download Pesticide Applicator Category L- Mosquito, Black Flies, and more Exercises Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
Pesticide Applicator Category L- Mosquito,
Black Flies, and Ticks
Adulticide - Control material that kills adult mosquitoes Adulticiding - The suppression of adult mosquito populations Aedes triseriatus - The primary vector of LaCrosse encephalitis Air Site - A breeding site that is greater than 3 acres in size and is treated with a helicopter backpacking - The application of insecticide with a mist blower either worn on the back or mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Cold fogging - the application of an insecticide as cold mist using a truck-mounted aerosol generator. Dip count - A method for determining the population density of mosquito larvae and pupae in a specific area Discharge - the velocity of moving water; measured in cubic feet per second drift - the movement of pesticide by air to areas other than the target areas of application Ground site - A breeding site that is generally three acres or less and is treated by walking through the site. Harborage area - A wooded area with good ground cover to provide a shaded, moist place for mosquitoes to rest during the day herbaceous - a term describing herbs or plants that die back to the ground each year and so have no woody parts incident - a flood, fire, tornado, transportation accident, storage container, rupture, leak, spill, discharge, or other event that threatens to release chemicals to the environment life cycle of mosquito - egg, larva, pupa, adult (ELPA) Aedes vexans - The most numerous mosquito species in Minnesota Coquillettidia perturbans - cattail mosquito- obtains it's oxygen through the roots of cattails.
egg, larva, pupa - Which stages of a mosquito occur in water? female mosquito - only gender of mosquitos that feed on blood they need the enzymes and proteins for developing eggs - why do female mosquitos feed on blood? blood meal - the consumption of blood, vital for egg development Instars - the 4 growth stages of a mosquito in its larva stage respiratory siphon - Larvae obtain air by breaking the surface of the water with their breathing tubes known as Wriggler or wiggler - mosquito larva is also known as pupa - the cocoon-like stage of a mosquito pupa - which stage of a mosquito is not affected by pesticides? tumblers - pupas are also known as between sunset and midnight - the primary feeding time of most mosquitoes Aedes mosquito - which species of mosquitoes prefer to feed during the daytime? 100 - using antenna, mosquitos can detect scents up to ___ ft. 10 - mosquitos can detect body heat up to __ ft. movement and contrasting colors - mosquitos can not see details but can see 1.) Where they lay eggs and types of eggs they lay, 2.) Color patterns on the body, 3.) Color patterns on the legs - 3 Characteristics to identify mosquito groups (genera) Male vs. Female mosquitoes - Females are larger, with fine, thread-like antenna, while male mosquitos have bushy, feather-like antenna 50 species; 15 species - How many species of mosquitos are found in MN? How many of those are considered pests? Aedes, Culex, Anopheles - 3 most significant mosquito species in MN Aedes stimulans - most common mosquito in twin cities Culex mosquito - - have a rounded abdomen.
Areas where bees/pollinators are present, such as flower beds, vegetable gardens, fruit trees - Where to avoid treating in harborage areas? Pathogen - a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. Vector - an organism that transmits a pathogen host - a living animals or plant on or in which a parasite lived or replicates intermediate host - an organism that supports the immature or nonreproductive forms of a parasite. Arboviruses - arthropod-borne viruses mosquitos - considered to be the deadliest animals on earth because they transmit malaria and yellow fever pathogens biological transmission - pathogen is transported within the host mechanical transmission - pathogen is transported on the hosts body WNV, La Crosse Encrphalitis, EEE, Jamestown Canton viruses - Mosquito borne viruses found in MN Disease reservoir - A natural source of disease agent. Reservoirs may include sick patients, asymptomatic carriers, animals, recovered patients, environmental sources, etc West Nile Virus - -most commonly reported in MN -birds are reservoir -transported by Culex Tarsalis Horses and birds - 2 animal hosts of WNV and La Crosse Encephalitis Dog Heartworm - Which disease is transmitted to dogs? Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) - utilizes methods (or a combo of methods) that give MAX control of mosquitos with minimal impact on non-target organisms and the environment Ultra Low Volume (ULV) - sprays that have extremely small droplets of pesticides which minimizes amount used and exposure to non target species Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) - a drone used in mapping and surveillance of mosquito breeding sites (requires license in category B to operate)
1 - how many batches of eggs do black flies lay per year? Prior to treatment - When does surveying occur? surveying - identifying important information to consider for treatment application, such as habitat, pollinator habitat or plants, slip hazards, etc. Surveying larvae is important to identify habitats where mosquitoes are most plentiful or where disease vectoring species inhabit to take action against those places first for effectiveness - Why is surveying important; regarding larvae It is important to take notes of areas outside of target area to be aware of how treatment will affect both the surrounding area and treatment area. - Why is surveying important; regarding adult mosquitoes Mapping - The physical plotting of the surveyed information into a visual map It is important for applicators to use it as a reference, plan for future control, and focus resources on highest priority areas to maximize effectiveness. - Why is it important to create a map? because it could change approach of treatment, want best understanding for the best method for effectiveness - Why is it important to note changes in a map? 1.) measuring 2.) use of geographic information system maps (GIS) - Two methods of determining size of treatment area measuring spoons - taking measurements of a site using an aerial photo or map and then calculating acreage. GIS - A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data. threshold - the pest population of level at which pest management is believed to be necessary to identify the breed and therefore use the proper chemicals that work on the specific breeds (effectiveness of treatment) - Why is it important to collect samples of mosquitoes? Rainfall amounts can produce broods of mosquitos, knowing when , where, and how much rain is important for management or larva and identifying high production areas for treatment. - Why is it important to know how rainfall affects mosquitos? 1.) mosquito location
4.) calibrate equipment 5.) application 6.) evaluate - Steps of Pesticide Application 1.) Residual applications (barrier treatment)- spraying on harborage pesticides that are effective for longer 2.) Non residual applications- ULV/cold fogging (spraying non residual pesticides in harborage areas) - kills flying mosquitos immediately 3.) Using both (most effective) - Pesticide Application Methods Because if low wind conditions (prevents drift) and low temperatures (prevents evaporation) - Why is ULV used during the evening? 1.) threshold is met of exceeded 2.) posting notification of the treatment area prior to application - Requirements to begin treatment calibrate - to verify and adjust application equipment to accurately apply a calculated amount of product. 1.) backpack blower or sprayer- a sprayer containing formulations of pesticides 2.) airplanes, helicopters, remote piloted equipment (aerial)- heavy weight formulations sprayed over large areas typically in emergency situations 3.)ULV/ cold fogging - 3 types of equipment used for mosquito control
- backpack blower or sprayer -aerial (helicopter, plane, drone) - Larvae control equipment
- mist blower or sprayer -backpack applications
- ATV applications - Adult control equipment used in smaller harborage areas, sprayed while walking as if "painting the fence" from ground to 6/7 ft. high around perimeter - Mist Blower Application used in larger application areas, mister mounted to ATV - ATV mister applications 1.) how much is dispersed 2.) air temperature 3.) ground speed - 3 things to know when calibrating ULV 1.) calculate acreage: the amount of area located in a testing site 2.) dispensing rate: amount of solution applied to area over time 3.) mix ratio: amount of active ingredients compared to diluent in a solution - Main steps of calibrating ULV sprayer
biting gnats - Black flies are also known as Bti - what is the primary control method used to treat black flies? for development of their eggs - Why do female black flies need blood meal? 30 species; 4 species - How many species of black flies in MN? How many considered pests? egg, larva, pupa, adult (ELPA) - Life cycle of black flies not known to transmit any - what diseased do black flies transmit? small streams - what is the ideal location to collect black flies for surveillance? Minnesota department of natural resources (MN DNR) - Who is responsible for issuing permits for black fly control? egg, larva, nymph, adult (ELNA) - Tick Life Cycle 12 species; 3 species - How many species of tick are in MN? How many are considered pests? 1.) black legged deer tick: (associated with lyme disease) found in forested and brushy habitats with higher humidity 2.) american dog wood tick: found in forested areas and more open habitats with long grasses 3.) lone star tick: very rare in MN - What are the 3 species of ticks?
- Lyme Disease.
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 3.) Anaplasmosis 4.) Babesiosis 5.) Ehrlichiosis - Tick borne diseases in MN 24-48 hours or more - how long must a tick be attached to spread disease? adult stage - What stage is a tick most likely to spread diseases? 1.) Habitat modification (source reduction- removing grasses and habitats of ticks, exclusion- fenced and barriers preventing ticks from entering) 2.) Controlling ticks on pets (inspections and vet chemical control options) 3.) Chemical applications (acaricides) 4.) Pyrethoids 5.) Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) - Tick Control Methods
1.) vest waders 2.) walk carefully in water, avoid tripping hazards 3.) use a walking stick 4.) wear eye protection - Safety precautions when working in wetlands 1.) use insect repellent 2.) wear PPE 3.) tuck shirts into pants, tuck pants into socks 4.) check twice daily - Safety precautions to prevent tick bites MN Duty Officer - All spills must be reported immediately to the 1.) wind speed and direction 2.) temperature 3.) humidity - Drift is impacted by notification to residents in area of treatment at least 24 hours before application through direct notification, posting on websites, and sending emails directly to those who request it. - Legal notification requirements for using adulticides 1.) maintain a record of pesticides used at each site 2.) record must be completed within 5 days 3.) commercial applicators must provide each customer with a copy of record 4.) records must be maintained for a minimum of 5 years 5.) commercial applicators are required to keep a record of every pesticide application while non commercial applicators are required to keep a record of RUPS - Legal requirements for record keeping National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) - is required by the MPCA for applicator of a pesticide that leaves a residue in waters of the state. Powassan (POW) virus - What disease can ticks transfer is less than 15 minutes?
