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Illinois Pesticide applicator exam 218
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What is a pesticide - Answer-a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals. Pesticides are made up of - Answer-Active and inert ingredients AI - Answer-Active ingredient - chemical effective against pest Inert ingredients - Answer-don't harm pest but make the AI more effective Herbicide formulation - Answer-may be ready to use or may require dilution with carrier (oil or liquid) 60WDG - Answer-60% AI water-dispersible granule 4EC - Answer-4 lbs ai per gallon of emulsifiable concentrate SP - Answer-Soluable powder - dry formulation. Mixed with water. Dissolve readily and form true solution. WP, P - Answer-Wettable Powder - dry formulation. Finely ground powder. Forms suspension not true solution. Abrasive, requires agitation, inhalation risk DF, WDG - Answer-Dry flowables or water dispersible granules - dry formulation. Similar to WP except AI is in granule instead of powder form suspension. Less dust than WP G - Answer-Granules - dry formulation. AI coated with clay, newspaper Applied directly, no mixing Low hazzard to applicators P, PS - Answer-Pellets - dry formulation. Same as granules but larger D - Answer-Dusts - dry formulations. Low percentage of AI on very fine carrier (talk, chalk, clay) Most ready to use (no mixing) Inhilation hazard Drift hazzard (uncommon use)
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EC - Answer-Emulsifiable concentrate - wet formulation. AI mixed with 1+ solvents and emulsifier that allows mixing with water Easily absorbed through skin (dermal hazzard) ME - Answer-Microencapsulated - wet formulation AI is surrounded by plastic coating suspended in liquid Time- release product Bees catty it back to hive and can poison colony S - Answer-Solutions - wet formulation Form true solution when mixed Will not settle or separate ULV - Answer-Ultra-low volume concentration - wet formulation Have high % ai with a solvent (usually oil) Low application rate per acre Fumigants - Answer-Produce gas, vapor, fumes, etc. Special licencing required Highly toxic Restricted use pesticides - Answer-Only purchased by certified applicators or persons under their supervision Records of applications must be maintained for 2 years Adjuvant - Answer-Chemical modifies physical properties, enhances performance or both of pesticides Includes spray modifiers Activatior adjuvants - Answer-Water spreader (surfactants), Sticker (oils, laytex), humectant,penetrator utility adjuvants - Answer-defoamer, water conditioner (acids) Drift reduction additives - Answer-thickening agents increase droplet size Droplets must be over 200 microns Sticker - Answer-increase adherence of chemical to surface Surfactant, Spreaders - Answer-Spread spray mix more thoroughly Decreases surface tension of water Penetrants - Answer-helps pass through outer surface of plants - through waxy coating on leaves (cuticle)
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Contact pesticide - Answer-control by direct contact with pest kill annuals if all growing parts are above ground Information on a label - Answer-Impact on wildlife, PPE, Re- entry interval Before purchasing read label - Answer-label is legal document, general use pesticide is not given classification Label - Trade name - Answer-this specific formulation label - chemical name - Answer-shows what active ingredients in formulation label - AI concentration - Answer-important for determining rates label - EPA registration number - Answer-unique to every formulation label - PPE requirements - Answer-must follow these label - hazard statement - Answer-volunteers can only apply herbicides labeled as caution label - manufacturer contact info - Answer-Incase of emergency label - general info - Answer-basic info on how pesticide works and how long it takes to see effects, what conditions to treat Label - cautionary statements - Answer-avoid unintended injury to non-targets Label - spray solution chart - Answer-determine amount needed for different solution strengths Label - control recommendations - Answer-Recommendations for control of different weeds Label - species specific control recommendations chart - Answer-Control recommendations for specific species Label - wetland/ aquatic info - Answer-if applying near water need to use product labeled for use in those areas. Specific info about this type of application label - sites specific control recommendations chart - Answer-specific control recommendations for certain sites (forestry, utility rights of way)
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Label - mixing info - Answer-Info about which other pesticides compatible with product, what rates to mix them, how to mix them Label - cut stump treatments - Answer-specific info for this type of application What warning is on every pesticide label - Answer-Keep out of reach of children Toxicity - Answer-ability to cause damage and death LD 50 - Answer-the amount of a chemical that kills 50% of the animals in a test population Exposure - Answer-how pesticides enter body reason to wear ppe Routes of exposure - Answer-oral, dermal, eye, inhalation acute exposure - Answer-one-time sever contact. Spilling on clothes/ skin Ingesting Never work alone with toxic chemicals Organophosphates and carbamates - Answer-Organophosphates involved in more cases of poisoning than any other insecticide Detecting organophospgate and carbamate poisoning - Answer-blood cholinesterase test. Reductions in cholinesterase indicates poisoning Chronic effects - Answer-long term low-level exposure Dermal absorption rates - Answer-Parts of body absorb at different rates Forearm - 1 Palm/ foot - 1.3-1. Abdomen - 2. Scalp - 3. Forehad - 4. Ear canal - 5. Scrotal area - 11. Treatment for exposure - oral - Answer-Check label or contact poison control - dont use food containers to hold product Treatment for exposure - skin - Answer-rinse with water, remove contaminated clothing, wash with soap and water oils can cross skin barrier and enter blood stream
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triple rinse, still have residue Tank/ backpack rinsing - Answer-some oil formulations (24D) may leave residues that can cause harm to plants Use household ammonia to rinse oily residue Particle drift - Answer-spray particles move usually by wind Prevent drift - Answer-Dont spray when: winds over 10MPH, winds shifty, winds blowing towards sensitive areas, during periods of calm/ inversions Vapor drift - Answer-formed after application carried out of target area (volitization) can occur up to several days after some products if used in hot weather Factors increase drift - Answer-droplet size under 200 microns wind/ air currents sprayer too far from plant high temps with high evaporation Movement of pesticides by water - Answer-leaching, seepage, application prior to rainfall runoff into surface water reducing movement of pesticides by water - Answer-nozzle pressure, droplet size, spray height Run-in - Answer-when pesticide moves directly from soil surface to groundwater below Leaching - Answer-movement of pesticide downward in soil profile with percolating water can contaminate groundwater Pesticides degradation in ground water - Answer-is much slower in ground water because low oxygen and light Leaching more likely if - Answer-pesticide over-applied sandy soil soil is bare Pesticide properties applied before heavy rain/ irrigation spills
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4 factors determine if pesticides reach groundwater - Answer-1) properties of pesticide: persistence, adsorption, solubility
- soil texture and organic matter
- site conditions: depth of ground water, slope, climate
- management practices: mishandling, not following label Backsiphoning - Answer-avoided by keeping air gap or using anti siphoning devices on hose when filling spray tank water advisory statements on labels - Answer-related to leaching and runoff issues
- may not be loaded within 50 ft intermittent streams
- may not be applied arially or by ground within 66 feet of the points..
- may not be mixed, loaded, used withing 50 ft of wells and sinkholes Spills - Answer-stop spill, attend to injured, confine spill - use absorptive materials if liquid , contact authorities if large (IEMA), remove spilled materials Protecting nontarget species - Answer-1. use pesticides with low bee toxicity
- spray when bees not active (before dawn/ after dusk) - temperatures below 55F
- notify bee keeper (48 hours before, within 3 miles)
- micro- encapsilated formulas Spot applications - Answer-treat only portion of area treat clustered pests Band application - Answer-treat narrow strip over/ alongside row of crop uniformly in band Broadcast - Answer-treat entire field mostly uniform throughout field Centrifugal pump - Answer-low pressure up to 140 psi and high volume Roller pump - Answer-medium pressure up to 300 psi and higher volume - not as many gallons per min as centrifugal Piston pump - Answer-High pressure up to 1000 psi and low flow cannot be used with abrasive formulas Hydraulic agitation - Answer-solution circulates through pump and back into tank to mix solution Mechanical agitation - Answer-uses paddles to agitate
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20G - Answer-Granular - 20 % A.I 8EC - Answer-emulcifiable concentrate 8 lb ai per gallon of product Insecticide act of 1910 - Answer-truth in labeling act required chemical producers to label packages with the word poison Federal insecticide, fungicide and rodensticide act (FIFRA) 1947 - Answer-regulates use of pesticides to protect humans, wildlife, environment US EPA enforces Pesticide user assurance pesticide registration: general/ restricted use Federal Environmental Pesticide control Act (FEPCA) 1972 ammendment - Answer- Amendment to FIFRA extended federal authority over pesticide manufacturing, shipment, use made label a legal document Required registration requires state laws paralleling FIFRA Classified products general and restricted use pesticides 1975 revisions fo FIFRA - Answer-added provisions for state enforcement misuse penalties cooperative extension services to inform and educate strengthened cirtification and restricted uses Food Quality and Protection Act FQPA - 1996 - Answer-Revision to FIFRA Tolerance reevaluation special provisions for infants and children endocrine disruptor testing minor use registrations right to know Office of safety and health administration (OSHA) - Answer-regulations for employers with 10+employees worker right to know dissemination of chemical safety info, SDS and training SDS sheets to be available to employees Clean Water Act (CWA) - Answer-Regulates water pollution in navigable water including pesticide spills or point source from urban and agriculture sources
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Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) - Answer-administers illinois structural pest control act Protect public health by setting standards to control pests inside or under structures licensing restricted pesticide use
- commercial business
- individuals - technician certs Illinois Department of Ag (IDA) - Answer-Illinois pesticide act regulates pesticides, agricultural pesticides, cert and licensing, misuse investigation Illinois EPA (IEPA) - Answer-hazerdous waste laws spills and illegal disposal laws regulating air, land, water quality Lawn care products and notice act - Answer-any applicator that applies lawn care products requires placement of markers immediately @ entry points Requires containment area for loading and distributing to customer (portable or non portable) Worker protection standards (WPS) - Answer-EPA regulation specifically about pesticides protects agricultural workers and pesticide handlers facts about pesticide safety training decontamination areas with cleanup supplies Emergency assistance Record keeping requirements - Answer-restricted use - must keep records commercial applicators record keeping - Answer-record within 14 days and kept for 2 years
- pesticide product name and reg #, amount, size of area, site, location, date, applicators name and cert. # furnish a copy of state or federal records to customer within 30 days a.i concentration dry formulation - Answer-expressed as percentage a.i concentration liquid formulation - Answer-expressed as lbs per gallon Components of liquid application equipment - Answer-pump, tank agitation, strainers, pressure gauge, pressure and flow valve, nozzles
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2 antennae chewing or sucking mouth parts are mites and spiders insects? - Answer-no because they have 8 legs, 2 body segments, no wings, not able to chew 3 body regions of insects - Answer-head thorax abdomen simple metamorphosis - Answer-egg, nymph, adult aphid leaf hopper complete development - Answer-egg, larva, pupa, adult Japanese beetle monarch butterfly mosquito 3 types of weeds - Answer-grass, broadleaf, grass like biennials year 1 - Answer-form roots and rosettes biennials year two - Answer-bot and produce seed stalk Types of perennial weeds - Answer-woody (multiflora rose), and herbacious types (dandelion) significantly volatile herbicides - Answer-susceptible to vaporization dicamba, 24D, clomazone sensitive plants: ornamentals, grapes, tomatoes, soybeans Alternative to esther formulations for vaporization reduction - Answer-amine formulation Reduce pesticide movement through water - Answer-do not spray before rain leave vegitative filter strips adjacent to sensitive areas eliminate bare slopes construct and maintain good grass waterways 2 ways pesticides can move into surface water - Answer-runoff erosion Signal Word - Answer-Caution, Warning, Danger
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Action Threshold - Answer-pest population or plant damage level that requires action to prevent irreversible or unacceptable physiological and/or aesthetic harm Easy to establish what age group accounts for half of pesticide poisoning - Answer-children under 6 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act - Answer-controls hazardous waste with a cradle to grave system. Guidelines recommend disposing of toxic and moderately toxic pesticides through detoxification, incineration, reprocessing and controlled land disposal How much pesticide should you buy at a time - Answer-only a one-year supply Disposing of large amounts of pesticide concentrate - Answer-considered hazardous waste and must be done in a certified landfill. Very expensive Reducing volume of rinse waste - Answer-Carry fresh water on sprayer to flush at application site Rinsing pesticide containers - Answer-triple rinsing or jet spray rinsing. Must put rinse water back in sprayer. chemical induction - Answer-several manufacturers produce container-rinsing units on sprayer Disposing of paper containers - Answer-can be lightly shaken over spray tank. Then are considered ready for disposal Triple rinsing - Answer-1) drain container into sprayer for 30 seconds
- refill container 1/5-1/4 full of fresh water
- rinse thouroughly, pour into spray tank
- repeat until it has been rinsed 3 times runoff is more likely to occur - Answer-during heavy rainfall soon after application on sloping soils with little plant cover on frozen, saturated, heavy clay soils where water penetration is low half-life - Answer-the time it takes for half of pesticide in soil to break down Longer half life = more leaching half-life and rotation - Answer-herbicides with long half life will require longer crop rotations
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annual application limit - Answer-some pesticides have a max application of ai per area per year. e.g. atrazine Amount of spray - Answer-depends on pressure and orifice size. Nozzles have charts that tell you gallons per min most efficient way to get more spray - Answer-replace with larger nozzle rather than increasing pressure. It takes a 4* increase in pressure to get double the flow - could result in drift Measure GPM - Answer-Spray water through equipment at pressure you intend to use and measure output of each nozzle with flow meter or by collecting volume Measure MPH - Answer-ft * 60 / seconds * 88 Callibrating spray guns - Answer-spray 1000 feet with clean water at rate you would apply - time yourself run the sprayer for the same amount of time into a bottle and measure amount of liquid Components of granular application equipment - Answer-hopper, meter, agitator,distributor callibrating granular spreaders - Answer-collect output while spreading on 100 or 1000 ft then weigh them 1988 ammendment FIFRA - Answer-required re-registration of many older products Is illinois law stricter than federal law for applicators - Answer-yes CAA - Answer-Clean Air Act regulates dust and fumes from ag chemical plants CWA - Answer-Clean Water Act pollution in navigable waters including pesticide spills RCRA - Answer-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulates management of solid and hazardous waste Illinois department of ag - Answer-responsible for registration, purchase, use in outdoor environments or in production of ag commodities Illinois department of public health - Answer-enforcing laws regulate pesticide use for structural pest control illinois epa - Answer-protecting air and water quality. remediating contaminations
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Illinois pesticide act - Answer-regulates labeling, distribution, use pesticides IDA enforces. Penalties in 24 or 24.1 fines up to 10000 structural pest control act - Answer-protect public health by creating regulations for applications in structures enforced by illinois department of public health Illinois pollution control board rule 302.210 - Answer-USEPA applications of pesticides to auquatic areas. Requires applicator to be licensed and a permit if application is happening to public/ food processing waterway Interagency committee on pesticides - Answer-review status of sale and use, review and approve all peesticide programs directed by government, consider problems arising from pesticides, recommend pesticide legislation to government NPDES permits for pesticide application - Answer-national pollution discharge elimination system Need permit for certain applications near water edge: mosquito/ insecct, weed and algae, animal, forested areas under clean water act Generators of hazardous waste - Answer-required to register if more than 100 kg of waste per mount, more than 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste, more than 100 kg of contaminated soil, waste from clean up or spill of acutely hazerdous WPS reqirements - what employers must provide - Answer-central posting with number of emergency, facts about each pesticide pesticide safety training decontamination sites emergency assistance WPS - what employers must do for employees - Answer-notify them aboul applications protect during applications observe REI WIPS what employers must do for handlers - Answer-monitor handkes applying pesticides with skull and crossbones give specific info of pesticide provide equipment safety info provide and maintain PPE
