Download PGA 3.0 Level 2 Study Guide WITH 317 Q & A rated A+ and more Exams Physical Activity and Sport Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
PGA 3.0 Level 2 Study Guide rated A+
The vision, core values, and mission statement of a golf facility should be developed concurrently with establishing a facility-wide business plan that includes concrete goals with strategies for meeting them. (T/F) - Answer True What department is considered the core business unit of most facilities? - Answer Golf Operations Policies and procedures are port of which support element of the golf operation's organization? - Answer Systems What is the most accurate description of the relationship between the facility's business plan and the golf operation? - Answer Golf Operation is very core and center of the golf business plan What is the principal focus of golf operations? Systems Operational Manual - Answer What combination of interaction strategies would be the first choice for promoting a positive facility-wide culture? - Answer Involving and Supporting From a functional perspective, a vendor is what kind of resource? - Answer Financial What must exist for a facility to have a positive culture? - Answer Resources What would a typical organizational chart of a golf operation show? - Answer Staff roles and the relationships between them What is the most likely determinant of the complexity of a facility's organizational chart?
- Answer Size of facility and number of resources What determines the complexity of a facility's organization chart? Size of facility, number of services offered, type of facility, mission - Answer Staff is considered a tangible facility resource? (T/F) - Answer True What intangible resource is key to enabling and facilitating peak performance? - Answer Culture How can facilities foster a positive culture of improvement? - Answer Open communication and discussion How can a facility foster a culture of improvement? - Answer Evolving / Everyone on board
"Identify staffing needs" is one of the staff-management roles in running a golf operation. (T/F) - Answer True Job descriptions should identify the skills necessary to accomplish the tasks associated with each position. (T/F) - Answer True High-performance profiling is a tool that can be used to communicate a uniform set of facility-wide expectations for all employees. (T/F) - Answer True Self-assessments are an appropriate means for facility staff to align their personal goals with business goals. (T/F) - Answer True New teachers observed the lead instructor at a golf facility conduct a short game clinic. This is an example of external staff training. (T/F) - Answer False What should a manager consider when determining the number of employees needed to run an operation? - Answer Human resources it will take What should golf facilities consider doing to elevate staff performance in meeting management and customer expectations? - Answer Create high performance profiles What is the advantage of asking open-ended questions during the interview process? Lead to unbiased answers - Answer What is an example of external staff training? - Answer Employee going to the PGA Show Reduced training needs is one of the anticipated benefits of adopting new point of sale system technology. (T/F) - Answer False What is the first step in acquiring a new technology-based system? - Answer Assess facility needs What are procedures? - Answer Step by step instructions on how to implement policies and complete specific tasks What are policies? - Answer Guidelines and rules laid down by management that outline the course of action in various situations Why should employees be involved in creating and revising policies or procedures? - Answer Encourages staff to buy in to the guidelines it sets out What is a management tool for defining the structure of the golf operation? - Answer Business planning - Policies and procedures Promotion is one of the four "Ps" of marketing? (T/F) - Answer True
What does USGA's Pace Rating System help determine? - Answer How quickly a foursome of average golfers should play a particular course on a busy day What is a good pace-of-play guideline? - Answer Ready golf How can the starter positively affect the pace-of-play? - Answer Educate, make players aware of guidelines Which staff member is responsible for setting the pace-of-play? - Answer Starter What is a disadvantage of letting faster groups play through? - Answer Slows down the original group An effective team decision-making process requires an authoritative team leader. (T/F) - Answer True Effective team managers will allow their most creative people to work independently. (T/F) - Answer False What is a characteristic of an effective team? - Answer Committed goals, open communication, clear rules, trust, effective leadership As presented in the Golf Operations Course Manual, what must be present to achieve a key characteristic of effective teams? - Answer Structure, who is involved, roles, team decision making An effective manager could use the "one-minute manager" routine to assess performance, provide feedback, inform a staff person of new responsibilities, and keep staff on track in a short visit - many times less than a minute. (T/F) - Answer True What is an interactive calendar? - Answer Upcoming events and actions that can be edited and seen by everyone What activities might be included in a "one-minute manager" routine? - Answer The days info, product info, policies and procedures, daily and weekly goals, recognition of good work Tournament directors rely on the food and beverage operation to meet members' and guests' physical and social needs. (T/F) - Answer True What is a benefit of having a caddie program at a club? - Answer Helps maintain course, cut down on cart traffic Practice facilities should be designed so golfers will face what direction? - Answer North or East, away from the sun most of the day
What is the most important interdepartmental relationship for the golf operations department? - Answer Golf course maintenance A yield management report shows the number of rounds played and the revenue generated by those rounds. (T/F) - Answer False Successful yield management would more likely involve target marketing of the broad customer base than of a specific player group. (T/F) - Answer True Demand-based pricing can be employed to change the demand curve for the use of perishable tee times. (T/F) - Answer True Pace-of-play policies are an effective means for controlling the demand curve for the use of perishable tee times. (T/F) - Answer True Yield management is a process that allows a facility to maximize the total number of rounds available each day. (T/F) - Answer True What can yield management predict? - Answer Demand What does successful yield management produce? - Answer Maximize the total number of rounds available each day What is the formula for developing a yield management report for a given period? - Answer Rounds Played / Potential Rounds X 100 = Yield % Why is monitoring performance considered a two-part process? - Answer Metrics and staff service quality What is the yield percentage if a facility sells 180 of 240 available tee times? - Answer 75% Managing by walking around is most effective when organizational protocols are observed, such as, limiting conversation to their direct reports. (T/F) - Answer False Managing by walking around gives employees the opportunity to air grievances. (T/F) - Answer True One of the main benefits of the interpersonal management approach to monitoring performance is to ensure policies and procedures are being followed. (T/F) - Answer True What is an effective means of monitoring performance while "managing by walking around"? - Answer Observing, listening, and testing performance on an ongoing basis
Inventory should arrive one to two months prior to the anticipation of sales. (T/F) - Answer True The golf professional has projected $310,000 in annual merchandise sales, $205, for the cost of goods sold, and a turnover rate of 2.5. What is the average inventory level at cost? - Answer $82, What is the formula for Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)? - Answer BOMI + New Inventory on Purchase = EOMI In an open-to-buy plan, the sales estimates and the cost of goods estimates come from what other business management tool? - Answer Historical data, trends, etc. What is the main purpose of an open-to-buy plan? - Answer How much of a particular product to buy What information does the cost of goods sold (COGS) provide for a given period of time? - Answer Value of goods sold, stolen, lost, or destroyed Why must golf professionals forecast beginning of month inventory (BOMI) levels? - Answer Can forecast their inventory levels for the year What is the likely result of a high turnover rate? - Answer Not enough inventory buying or selling through inventory What is a result of low turn rate in the golf shop merchandising operation? - Answer High quantities, high pricing, poor promotion, or stale displays If your average inventory value is $37,000 and your annual cost of goods sold is $114,000, what is the turnover rate? - Answer 3. Which merchandising condition is most directly correlated with a high turn rate? - Answer Low markup or increased sales Given the following information, what was the turnover rate for the year? Sales $196,000 Cost of Goods Sold $140,000 Average Inventory $56,000 Glove Sales $24,000 Ball Sales - Answer $36,000 Men's Shirt Sales $54,000 Rounds $20,000 2. Some OTB funds should be reserved for unforeseen opportunities. (T/F)True - Answer Based on the information below, what is the open-to-buy amount for July? JULY AUGUST Sales $17,000 $12,500 COGS $12,000 $9,000 BOMI $50,000 $41,000 - Answer $12, What is the formula to determine OTB dollars? - Answer POTB - Merchandise on order
In an open-to-buy budget, how is the average inventory defined? - Answer Average amount of merchandise (in cost dollars) the facility must have on hand throughout the year to meet annual sales goals What is the formula for calculating planned OTB? - Answer EOMI + COGS - BOMI What does an open-to-buy reserve provide? - Answer 10-25% for other opportunities and unplanned purchases Merchandise that the competition carries is a factor to be considered in the merchandise assortment plan. (T/F) - Answer True What is the most important consideration when evaluating the type of merchandise to purchase for your shop? - Answer Customer needs What is necessary for developing a MAP? - Answer Open-to-buy plan What are the two most important considerations when determining price points? - Answer Competition and economic conditions Why should core merchandise stock be the first merchandise added to the MAP? - Answer Serves as foundation What does "anticipation dating" refer to? - Answer Future date payment arrangement - discount for early payment What is one disadvantage of advance dating? - Answer Need to carry more inventory What is one advantage of advance dating? - Answer Sell product at no immediate cost What is the turnover formula? - Answer COGS / Average inventory What is the key tool for inventory control? - Answer Merchandise classification What does "complete date" indicate on a purchase order? - Answer Last possible date that vendor can have order delivered What inventory management tool serves to ensure adherence to the business plan? - Answer POS System Physical unit tracking can determine both merchandise on hand and merchandise sold. (T/F) - Answer True What are the two methods of tracking real-time inventory changes during the time between physical inventory counts? - Answer Perpectual book inventory and POS
Using a keystone pricing strategy, what is the retail price of a shirt that has a cost of $30? - Answer $ A retail shop used a cost plus 75% pricing strategy in the shoe department. The manager is planning a 25% off retail promotional sale for a new model of golf shoe. If the shoe costs the shop $80, what will be the promotional price? - Answer $ A discount of 20% was taken on a $15 event cap due to a logo placement error. What is the actual markup percentage if the cost of each cap was $8? - Answer 50% What is the suggested distance for separating floor fixtures? - Answer 3 feet What is the primary purpose of a rectangular display rack? - Answer Display large quantities of hanging merchandise in a wide variety of colors and sizes Describe the primary purpose of a promotional table? - Answer Ideal for large quantities of markdown merchandise or special promotions; usually a single style Which type of fixture gives the most presentation flexibility when floor space is extremely limited? - Answer Wall fixtures Markdown sales could be considered promotional events. (T/F) - Answer True What is the main value of having annual special promotions? - Answer Generate interest and excitement What is the definition of a permanent markdown? - Answer Reduction in list price Which is a reason, cited in the Merchandising and Inventory Management Course Manual, for a golf shop to have annual or special promotional events? - Answer Increased sales, move stale merchandise, introduce new product What should be emphasized to close the sale? - Answer Remind customer of services and benefits; up sell if possible - create multiple purchases What planning document outlines merchandising objectives for events scheduled throughout the year? - Answer Master calendar What is the definition of "cost of goods sold"? - Answer Value of cost of goods sold, damaged, stolen, or lost during a period of time Gross margin is the difference between the retail price and the cost of goods sold. (T/F)
- Answer False What is the most effective way to both value and determine the current amount of inventory in real time? - Answer Perpetual book inventory
A higher inventory turnover rate usually means a lower GMROI. (T/F) - Answer False What does Gross Margin Return on Investment (GMROI) tell us? - Answer How much money made from every dollar invested What does a variance report explain? - Answer Deviation from an average metric What is the value of analyzing performance variances? - Answer Put self in position to solve problems early What financial management tool is a possible resource for performance numbers used to produce a variance report? - Answer Plans or budgets What markdown would be required to sell a poorly moving keystone item at cost? - Answer 50% Which pair of strategies most likely would reduce shop inventories that have been increase due to poor sales? - Answer Bundling and tournament discounts What is the lower part of a grass leaf called? - Answer Sheath It is necessary to supplement natural rainfall in most climates within the Continental United States. (T/F) - Answer True What does a pH measurement represent? - Answer Acidity and alkalinity of the soil What is the ideal pH range for most turfgrasses? - Answer 6-6. What does a pH measurement of 3 indicate? - Answer Acidic Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the three primary nutrients necessary for plant growth. (T/F) - Answer False What does light provide in the process of photosynthesis? - Answer Energy to produce carbohydrates Due to the high level of traffic they receive, fairways are usually planted with fescues. (T/F) - Answer False Grasses with stolons or rhizomes are best for filling divots. (T/F) - Answer True Bermuda grass will go dormant and turn brown below 50 degrees F. (T/F) - Answer True
Which maintenance practice can cause thatch to accumulate? - Answer Over- application of nitrogen fertilizer; excess irrigation What is an indication of a subsurface insect problem? - Answer Presence of animals; turfgrass damage What is primarily responsible for the continual reduction in the use of chemicals around golf courses? - Answer Sustainability What is the cause of most pathogenic turfgrass diseases? - Answer Fungi Why would fungicides be applied before visible evidence of a disease is noticed? - Answer To prevent a disease from starting Achieving and documenting compliance with government regulation of pesticide use, application, and storage is the responsibility of the Chemical Technician. (T/F) - Answer False Who is responsible for achieving and documenting continued compliance with government regulations regarding pesticide use, application, and storage? - Answer Superintendent What job title best describes the person responsible for reading, understanding, and keeping current with material safety data sheets? - Answer Chemical technician What needs to be in place to prevent conflicts between scheduled maintenance and golf events? - Answer Master calendar What is the best method for reaching a satisfactory action when conflicts occur between the Superintendent and the Golf Professional? - Answer Have one common goal - A fair, challenging, enjoyable and safe experience for golfers According to the Turfgrass Management Manual, what needs to be in place in order to develop mutual understanding between the head professional and the course superintendent? - Answer Good communication The Superintendent has scheduled the Fall aerification. What is the primary responsibility of the Head Professional when aeration is scheduled? - Answer Add to master calendar and prepare answers What responsibility is imposed on the golf professional when the superintendent finalizes the fall aerification dates? - Answer Prepare standard answers and info for complaints or questions
What is key to cultivating a mutual understanding and resolving differences between the course superintendent and the golf professional? - Answer Good communication It is the golf professional's role to inform golfers about matters relating to the condition of the golf course. (T/F) - Answer True What must head professionals do to support their efforts to keep customers informed, educated, and understanding of course management events and issues? - Answer Face to face communication; info posted According to the Turfgrass Management Manual, the need for course renovation is usually a consequence of inadequate course maintenance over time. (T/F) - Answer False More than 30% of all golf courses in the US are using water from municipal water systems. (T/F) - Answer False What is the proper role for the golf professional during a golf course renovation? - Answer Inform, educate, and listen What have golf course superintendents been doing recently to improve environmental management practices? - Answer Practicing sustainability What is the most influential factor in the effort by the golf industry to put sustainability design concept into effect? - Answer Benefits of the golf courses What golf-industry assumption about what it takes to operate a successful course must change for USGA president Jim Hyler's concept of "brown becoming the new green" to become reality? - Answer Misguided perception that courses need to be lush, green, and perfect to be good According to the USGA, what does "browning becoming the new green" imply? - Answer Playability should replace aesthetics as primary condition What is the correct order of the golf course design and development process? - Answer Analysis, design, development, grow-in, maintenance Who does the head golf professional work with most closely throughout the golf course design process? - Answer Owners and members Who implements the course maintenance procedures? - Answer Superintendent and staff Who supervises the grow-in phase of the design and development process? - Answer Superintendent
A teacher watches a student leave a ten-foot putt short and then informs her that the putt needed to be hit with more speed. What type of feedback is this an example of? - Answer Augmented feedback The teacher's role is to help the student improve his own ability to do what? - Answer Correct errors and learn on their own A teacher shows frustration when a student performs a skill incorrectly. To avoid this response in the future, the student focuses on correcting the skill movement. What is this an example of? - Answer Augmented feedback as negative reinforcement Augmented feedback that functions as positive or negative reinforcement can have the same result. (T/F) - Answer True Augmented feedback used as punishment is most effective when the desired change is personal. (T/F) - Answer False A good reason for delivering only non-error augmented feedback is so the student will become more aware of cause and effect relationships within the swing. (T/F) - Answer False Beginners typically benefit more from video feedback than advanced players. (T/F) - Answer False A student reading her spin rate data from a launch monitor is an example of what type of augmented feedback? - Answer Quantitative augmented feedback What is the effect of giving augmented feedback less frequently while learning takes place? - Answer Encourages more engagement in learning process What knowledge of performance feedback would likely benefit an advanced player with extensive golf experience? - Answer Verbal feedback and kinematics What is an example of knowledge of performance feedback? - Answer Verbal, video, kinematics What is an example of a statement that is considered knowledge of results feedback? - Answer Outcome of skill performance, how far a shot went from the intended target When delivering feedback, when would a greater degree of precision be beneficial? - Answer Later stages of learning a movement Inexperienced instructors tend to make changes to lesson activities more quickly than experienced instructors. (T/F) - Answer False
What do skillful instructors carefully consider when concluding a lesson? - Answer Keep enthusiasm, valuable ideas, and improved skills Which student predisposition must a teacher overcome to develop an interactive lesson climate? - Answer Student scared to give the wrong answer What should the teacher leave the student with when closing a lesson? - Answer Enthusiasm, good feelings, valuable ideas, improved skills What strategy should an instructor use to engage the student at the beginning of the lesson? - Answer Instructional goals and how to achieve them; overview of lesson Instructors should operate on the assumption that their students with modest talent will experience greater frustration than others who are naturally athletic. (T/F) - Answer False One of the measures of a learning aid's validity is the extent to which it does what the manufacturer represents it does. (T/F) - Answer True For practice to be effective, students must hit golf balls. (T/F) - Answer False The "hit the tee" drill can be effective in creating clubhead speed. (T/F) - Answer True According to the course manual, the duration of a practice session for juniors should be at least one hour. (T/F) - Answer False The more time taken between shots, the more massed the practice. (T/F) - Answer False Prescribing practice should be a part of every lesson. (T/F) - Answer True When developing new skills, one long practice session is better than more frequent, shorter practice sessions. (T/F) - Answer False Immediately before a round generally is not a good time to practice. (T/F) - Answer True Generally speaking, what time is better than the others for working on a problem shot? - Answer Longer practice periods, not limited Under what circumstance would "best-ball" be a good practice technique? - Answer Build positive feelings Which drill is the most effective for influencing centeredness of contact? Toe up to toe up drill - Answer
A closed-face grip tends to partner with which release patterns through impact? - Answer Rotating body and less arm and hand release Expert teachers that are satisfied with their knowledge and methodology have little need to pursue new information that makes them more effective. (T/F) - Answer False In the club behind the cup drill, the goal is either to make the putt or hit a shaft placed 36 inches behind the cup. (T/F) - Answer False The eyes closed putting drill is designed to help a student improve directional control. (T/F) - Answer False The one-foot interval ladder drill has the player starting eight feet away from the cup and progressively moving one foot closer as each putt is holed. (T/F) - Answer False When chipping, which drill can help a golfer create the appropriate amount of extension through impact? - Answer Hold the finish drill What is the purpose of positioning a tee to the outside and inside of the ball, perpendicular to the target line, and slightly wider than the clubhead? - Answer Squaring the face at impact When using the extended club drill in chipping practice, if the extension hits the player's side, this is an indication of which swing errors? - Answer Too much wrist action What pitching drills helps to minimize lateral body motion? - Answer Feet together drill What drill can be used to determine the correct ball position for a greenside bunker shot? - Answer Line drill Upper crossed syndrome is a probable result of working on the computer for extended periods of time. (T/F) - Answer True According to the course manual, only a player with a long torso rotation can generate power and speed? (T/F) - Answer False A tilted hip position causes a restricted torso rotation toward the lower hip. (T/F) - Answer False Upper and lower crossed syndromes can create reciprocal inhibitions. (T/F) - Answer True A left dominant stance would cause right-handed golfers' difficulty in loading their right side at the top of the backswing. (T/F) - Answer True
What is the function of the skeletal system? - Answer Support structure for the body, gives shape, allows movement, protects organs What are the two compartmental classifications of the skeleton? - Answer Axial and appendicular What comprises the axial skeleton? - Answer head, trunk, 86 bones and 6 parts Upper crossed syndrome can be easily identified in an individual who has what physical feature? - Answer Rounded shoulders, head out What is the probable golf swing result of rounded shoulders and a forward head position? - Answer Over the top What is the probable in-swing result at impact for a player who shows an anterior lower back tilt? - Answer Restricted torso rotation / change in spine angle What is one means of correcting an upper cross syndrome? - Answer Lengthen front, strengthen back What swing problem is associated with a right-leg dominant stance? - Answer Over the top / standing up What can a forward head position with rounded shoulders at address cause? - Answer Narrow swing, hands too close to body, shank Which is an indication of an anterior tilt in the pelvis? - Answer Pelvis is rotated forward, spine curves, lower back arched What is the purpose of taking a physical inventory? - Answer To identify problems and enable golf professionals to respond in a timely manner Because of research evidence that is available, it is recommended that teachers use distributed practice when the student motivation to learn is high. (T/F) - Answer False What is presented in the manual as a preferred means to effective practice? - Answer Shorter, more frequent sessions What is the intrinsic benefit of transfer practice? - Answer Experience pressure of performing skill in a playing context What valuable characteristic is shared by both intrinsic and augmented feedback? - Answer Can provide relevant or irrelevant info about a golf skill What is one way teachers can positively influence student motivation to practice? - Answer Set goals, variety, competition, fun, etc.
