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Pharmacology Exam 1 Ivy Tech questions with
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Ace Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔captopril (Capoten) lisinopril (Prinivil) enalapril (Vasotec) ramipril (Altace) Ace Inhibitor Action - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Action Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to a decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in aldosterone production, a small increase in serum potassium, and sodium and fluid loss. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔losartan (Cozaar) valsartan (Diovan) irbesartan (Avapro) candesartan (Atacand) olmesartan (Benicar) ARBS Action - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Binds with angiotensin II receptors to block vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone lowering blood pressure. Calcium Channel Blockers (Antihypertensives) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔diltiazem (Cardizem)
verapamil (Calan) nifedipine (Procardia) amlodipine (Norvasc) Calcium Channel Blockers Action - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inhibits the movement of calcium ions into cardiac and arterial muscle cells, leading to decreased myocardial contractility, slowed conduction, and dilation of arteries, lowering blood pressure and decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption. Vasodilators - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nitroprusside hydralazine Vasodilators Action - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Act directly on vascular smooth muscle leading to vasodilatation and a decrease in blood pressure. Renin Inhibitor - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔aliskiren (Tekturna) Types of Diuretics and Sites of Action - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Thiazide and thiazide-like -Distal tubule Loop -Loop of Henle Osmotic -Proximal tubule Potassium-Sparring -Collecting tubule
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (Nonselective) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔propranolol (Inderal) nadolol (Corgard) Beta-adrenergic blocking agents Action - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Block beta- adrenergic receptors, decreasing heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac oxygen consumption, and blood pressure. Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonist - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔clonidine (Catapres) Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonist Action (adrenergic agonist) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Decreases sympathetic activity resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and vasodilation. midodrine (ProAmatine) Hypotension - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Activates alpha-receptors in arteries and veins increasing vascular tone and blood pressure Adrenergic Agonists - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔epinephrine, dopamine (increase HR and cardiac output) , albuterol, dobutamine (increase HR, and force of contraction), norepinephrine (Causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure Used when drugs dopamine and dobutamine have failed to produce adequate response.) . Digoxin (Lanoxin) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Actions Increase force of myocardial contraction
Increase cardiac output Increase renal perfusion Increase urine output and decrease blood volume Slow heart rate Decrease conduction velocity through the AV node Digoxin immune Fab Binds with digoxin to reverse toxicity Types of Angina - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Stable Angina Occurs with activity, relieved with rest Unstable Angina Episodes of ischemia occur even when at rest Prinzmetal Angina Caused by spasm of the blood vessels Nitrates - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) - Sublingual nitroglycerin (Nitrolingual) - Translingual Spray isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) - Oral isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) - Oral or Sublingual nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid) - Topical Ointment nitroglycerin (Nitro-Dur) - Transdermal nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid IV) - IV
Osmotic -Proximal tubule Potassium-Sparring -Collecting tubule Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Thiazide Diuretics -hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) -chlorothiazide (Diuril) Thiazide-Like Diuretics -chlorthalidone -metolazone (Zaroxolyn) Promote sodium, chloride, and water excretion in the distal tubule. Loop Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔furosemide (Lasix) bumetanide (Bumex) torsemide (Demadex) Block the chloride pump in the ascending loop of Henle, decreasing reabsorption of sodium and chloride, leading to sodium and water loss. Potassium-sparing diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔spironolactone (Aldactone) triamterene (Dyrenium) Act in the collecting tubules to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention.
Osmotic Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mannitol (Osmitrol) Increases serum osmolality and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule causing excretion of sodium, chloride and water. Drugs Used to Treat Hyperlipidemia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Bile Acid Sequestrants HMG-CoA Inhibitors Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors Fibrates Niacin Bile Acid Sequestrants - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔colesevelam (Welchol) cholestyramine (Questran) colestipol (Colestid) Binds bile acids causing stored cholesterol to be used and serum cholesterol levels to fall HMG-CoA Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔atorvastatin (Lipitor) simvastatin (Zocor) rosuvastatin (Crestor) pravastatin (Pravachol) lovastatin (Mevacor) Inhibits HMG-CoA, decreases serum LDLs, and triglycerides, increases HDL levels. Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ezetimibe (Zetia)
Action Interfere with the clotting cascade. (different agents work at different steps) Oral anticoagulants - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔warfarin (Coumdin) dabigatran (Pradaxa) apixaban (Eliquis) Action Interfere with the clotting cascade. (different agents work at different steps) Heparin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Heparin injection is an anticoagulant. It is used to decrease the clotting ability of the blood and help prevent harmful clots from forming in blood vessels. Nursing Process - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, evaluation Controlled Substance Schedule - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔
