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Pharmacology Exam 1 - Multiple Choice QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
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A. pharmacotherapeutics
B. pharmacodynamics
C. pharmacokinetics
D. pharmacy
E. posology - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. side effect
B. adverse effect
C. drug allergy
D. contraindication
E. antagonism - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A. toxic effect
B. antagonism
C. idiosyncrasy
D. side effect
E. drug allergy - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. generic name
B. over-the-counter name
C. trade name
D. chemical name
E. none of these - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. duration of action
B. onset of action
C. ceiling effect
D. maximal response
E. ceiling effect - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A. poison
B. OTC drug
C. prescription drug
D. controlled substance
E. nonproprietary drug - CORRECT ANSWERS D
E. duration of action - CORRECT ANSWERS E
. The drug administration route demonstrating the slowest onset of action is
A. inhalation
B. transdermal
C. intramuscular
D. sublingual
E. intravenous - CORRECT ANSWERS B
In order for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, they must be
A. ionized
B. positively charged
C. water soluble
D. lipid soluble
E. negatively charged - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A. kidney
B. blood vessels
C. liver
D. heart
E. adipose tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. B
B. C
C. D
D. X
E. NR - CORRECT ANSWERS D= x
A. first-pass metabolism
B. enzyme induction
C. enzyme inhibition
D. enterohepatic cycling
E. microsomal inhibition - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A. drug ionization
B. water solubility
C. positively charged drug
D. negatively charged drug
E. lipid solubility - CORRECT ANSWERS E
A. weight
B. age
C. genetic variation
D) its hydrogen bonding.
E) its intrinsic activity. - CORRECT ANSWERS B
idiosyncrasy.
tachyphylaxis.
heterologous desensitization.
refractoriness.
receptor downregulation. - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A) tachyphylaxis.
B) inactivation.
C) desensitization.
D) downregulation.
E) refractoriness. - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A 16-year-old female with a history of goiter is admitted with fever, profuse sweating, tachyarrhythmia, hypertension, abdominal pain, and anxiety. Based on a working diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis, she is started on a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that has a very short half-life.
A) a physiologic antagonist.
B) a competitive receptor antagonist.
C) a noncompetitive receptor antagonist.
D) a partial agonist.
E) an inverse agonist. - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. increased heart rate
B. bronchodilation
C. vasoconstriction
D. contraction of urinary bladder
E. increased force of myocardial contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. vasodilation
B. vasoconstriction
C. cardiac stimulation
D. cardiac depression
E. bronchodilation - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A. alpha-1 receptors
B. alpha-2 receptors
C. beta-1 receptors
D. beta-2 receptors
B. phenylephrine
C. pseudoephedrine
D. epinephrine
E. propranolol - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A. decreasing heart rate
B. decreasing force of myocardial contraction
C. vasoconstriction of skeletal muscle blood vessels
D. lowering of blood pressure
E. all of these - CORRECT ANSWERS E
A. bronchodilation
B. vasoconstriction
C. relaxation of uterus
D. increased heart rate
E. all of these - CORRECT ANSWERS E
A. alpha-
B. nicotinic-neural (Nn)
C. nicotinic-muscle (Nm)
D. muscarinic
E. ganglionic - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A. increased heart rate
B. increased gastrointestinal motility
C. decreased urination
D. pupillary dilation
E. bronchodilation - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A. direct-acting cholinergic drug
B. reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
C. irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
D. anticholinergic drug
E. ganglionic blocker - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A. slow pulse rate
B. increased urination
C. diarrhea
D. sweating
E. all of these - CORRECT ANSWERS E
A. bronchodilation
B. increased heart rate
A. the mechanism of action is the same as represented by dantrolene
B. all of these drugs depolarize the muscle fiber before blockade occurs
C. calcium ions are released from the storage sites
D. there are two groups in this class: either depolarizing agents or nondepolarizing agents
E. botulinumtoxinA rapidly attaches to these receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A. stimulation of the actin and myosin muscle fibrils directly
B. liver damage because the drug is metabolized only by the liver
C. peripheral neuromuscular receptor blockade after stimulating the Nm receptors
D. longer duration of action than vecuronium
E. stimulation of presynaptic ACH release - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. include dantrolene and cisatracurium
B. inhibit or reduce activity within the spinal cord (intraneuronal), interrupting the central stimulus to muscle contraction
C. can only be given parenterally
D. cause systemic release of histamine, leading to hypotension
E. counteract the effect of botulinumtoxin B - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A. the diaphragm is a skeletal muscle
B. succinylcholine stimulates the respiratory centers in the brain
C. like dantrolene, all muscle relaxants inhibit the action of norepinephrine at the neuromuscular junction
D. relaxation of the muscles in the lower extremities pulls blood away from the lungs
E. all skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with calcium ion storage in the muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. neomycin
B. corticosteroids
C. general anesthetics like isoflurane
D. alcohol
E. myasthenia gravis and spinal cord lesions - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A. blockage of conduction in the spinal cord
B. inhibiting nerve transmission
C. blockage of the Nm receptors
D. decreasing ACH in the neuromuscular junction
E. all of these - CORRECT ANSWERS E
A. reduce muscle tear
B. decrease body temperature
C. potentiate vasodilators
D. increase muscle tone
E. depress respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS A
muscarinic-M1 receptor.
muscarinic-M2 receptor.
muscarinic-M3 receptor.
muscarinic-M4 receptor.
muscarinic-M5 receptor. - CORRECT ANSWERS B
Refer to the case above. Physostigmine is preferred over neostigmine because
A) it is a nonpolar compound that penetrates the CNS more easily than neostigmine.
B) it has a shorter half-life than neostigmine, making it more useful for emergency treatment.
C) it has a longer half-life than neostigmine, better matching the half-life of atropine.
D) it is eliminated via the kidneys, and dosage is not critical with compromised liver function.
E) it is eliminated via the liver, and dosage is not critical with compromised renal function. - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. opioid analgesics produce little or no respiration depression with long-term use of analgesic doses
B. opioid antagonists include endorphins
C. all drugs in the opioid analgesic group are controlled substances, Schedule III
D. in low doses, opioids produce nausea and vomiting
E. fentanyl is a partial opioid antagonist - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A. hyperventilation and deep breathing
B. bronchospasms
C. spasmogenic activity in the ureters and sphincter muscle
D. relaxation of the skeletal muscles controlling posture (spasmolytic)
E. suppression of coughing - CORRECT ANSWERS D
A. induction of Monitored Anesthesia Care and treatment of chronic severe pain
B. routine treatment of migraine
C. unmonitored treatment of chronic severe pain
D. analgesia for patients with paralytic ileus
E. chronic osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. endorphin is an abbreviation from the terms meaning inside the organ
B. endogenous opioid receptors include mu, alpha-2 adrenergic, and delta receptors
C. agonism means the drug occupies the receptor and causes a response
D. opioid agonism means the drug occupies the receptor and stimulates the release of endorphins
E. tolerance is a characteristic of chronic opioid antagonism - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. heroin
B. codeine
C. methadone
B. opium
C. chemical synthesis
D. alkaloids
E. all of these - CORRECT ANSWERS E
A. constipation
B. polyuria
C. convulsions
D. mydriasis
E. excessive tearing - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. fewer receptors are available to produce a response
B. increased pain by the patient requires greater doses of medication
C. the body reacts to removal of the opioid analgesic
D. histamine release causes hypotension
E. signals from nocieocptors are reduced - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. producing complementary effects using a few drugs avoids unnecessary intense (deep) CNS depression with one anesthetic to achieve the same effect
B. the concentration of volatile anesthetic in the alveoli is balanced against the amount of anesthetic in the blood
C. less monitoring of anesthesia is required
D. fewer patients experience emergence delirium
E. there is less chance of aspirating saliva - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. it is a potent analgesic at all doses
B. it slowly brings the patient to the stage of surgical anesthesia
C. it is a complete anesthetic with a quick onset of action and recovery period uncomplicated by nausea and vomiting
D. it is administered by special vaporizer to avoid mask delivery
E. its preparation does not require special handling technique - CORRECT ANSWERS C
A. ketamine causes chloride ions to flow out of the nerve cell by binding to GABA
B. propofol binds to the GABA A receptor and enhances hyperpolarization of the neuron
C. barbiturates and propofol act on the receptor and directly on the chloride channel
D. potent anesthetics enhance GABA A receptor function
E. general anesthetics interact with neurotransmitter-gated ion channels - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. hepatic metabolism and renal excretion
B. excretion through the lungs and sweating
C. accumulation in fat tissue and redistribution
D. increased salivation and bile production
E. gastrointestinal reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWERS A
A. local anesthesia