Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions and Answers, Exams of Pharmacology

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PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS

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Administration of theophylline to a patient with acute asthma is an example of: - ANSWER pharmacotherapeutics

Your patient, who is 2 months pregnant, has just received a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which of the following areas of core drug knowledge would be MOST relevant to the selection of drug therapy for this patient? - ANSWER contraindication and precautions

A history of smoking cigarettes is included in which of the following core patient variables? - ANSWER lifestyle, diet, and habits

Absorption of enteral drugs occurs most frequently in the: - ANSWER small intestine

Which of the following would be affected if an enteric coated tablet were cut in half? - ANSWER absorption

Which of the following routes of administration provides the greatest control over the actual dose of the drug delivered to the patient? - ANSWER parenteral

Which of the following organs of the body is the primary site for metabolism? - ANSWER liver

Your patient has both liver and kidney disease and takes several oral(enteral) medications. You would expect the duration of action of theses medications to: - ANSWER increase

Before starting a patient on an oral drug therapy regimen, the nurse should assess for: - ANSWER dysphagia

A patient, before being discharged from a hospital on a new drug regimen, should receive education about: - ANSWER all of the above

Your patient has liver disease. He is receiving a drug that is metabolized by the liver. The nurse needs to MOST carefully monitor this patient for signs of: - ANSWER adverse effects

Your patient is given chloral hydrate for insomnia. Two hours later, as you are doing your routine rounds, you see the patient sitting in bed, anxious and hypervigilent. This is an example of a(n): - ANSWER Idiosyncratic response

Your patient is 80 years old and there are orders for the patient to start receiving antibiotic therapy. The patient has a history of renal insufficiency. Which lab tests should be completed before beginning therapy? - ANSWER BUN and creatinine

Patients receiving aminoglycoside therapy should be monitored for: - ANSWER ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

What is the correct time to obtain a trough level of gentamicin? - ANSWER 30 minutes before the next dose

Clindamycin is reserved for the management of - ANSWER infections by bacteria with known sensitivity

The antibiotic class of choice for penicillin allergic patients is - ANSWER macrolides

The most COMMON adverse effects of erythromycin affect which body system? - ANSWER gastrointestinal system

A benefit of clarithromycin therapy is - ANSWER twice a day dosing

Linezolid (zyvox) is indicated for use in the management of - ANSWER methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The most common adverse effects associated with the use of Linezolid (Zyvox) include - ANSWER diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting

To maximize the absorption of tetracycline, the patient should avoid taking which of the following with the tetracycline? - ANSWER antacids

Which of the following is the least likely effect of drug therapy in the older adult? - ANSWER Subtherapeutic drug concentrations

Which of the following questions should be included in an assessment of an elderly patient before drug therapy is initiated in the home setting? - ANSWER all of the above

Which of the following should encompass approximately 50-60% of a healthy diet per day? - ANSWER carbohydrates

Your patient has hypertension and is prescribed furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg. QD. In this patient, it is important to monitor - ANSWER Major mineral cations(Electrolytes).

While taking the patient's admission history, the patient describes having a severe allergy to an antibiotic. What is the nurse's responsibility to prevent an allergic reaction?

• ANSWER -Document the allergy in the medical record. -Notify the provider and the pharmacy of the allergy and the type of allergic reaction. -Place an allergy bracelet on the patient.

The order reads, "Lasix 40 mg IV STAT." Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - ANSWER administer the medication withing 5 minutes of the order

Which of the following medications would NOT be administered through a nasogastric tube? (select all that apply) - ANSWER -Enteric-coated tablets -Sustained-release tablets -IV medications

A patient with diabetes has been NPO since midnight for surgery in the morning. He usually takes an oral type 2 antidiabetic drug to control his diabetes. What would be the best action for the nurse to take concerning the administration of his medication? - ANSWER contact the provider for further notice

A patient has a new medication prescription and the nurse is providing education about the drug.. Which statement made by the patient would indicate the need for further medication education? - ANSWER " If I take more, I'll have a better response."

A combination of two different antihypertensive drugs in lower doses has been ordered for a patient whose hypertension has not been controlled by standard doses of either drug alone. The nursing student recognizes the interaction between these two drugs is known as what term? - ANSWER synergism

A patient with cirrhosis of the liver has hepatic impairment. This will require what possible changes? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER -A reduction in the dosage of the drugs -A change in the timing of medication administration -More frequent monitoring for adverse drug effects

medication, using a preloaded syringe into the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh, prior to discharge.

A 15-year-old adolescent with a history of diabetes is treated in the emergency department for complications related to skimping her medication for diabetes. She confides in the nurse that she deliberately skipped some of her medication doses because she did not want to gain weight and she is afraid of needle marks. Before establishing a diagnosis of "Noncompliance," what should the nurse assess? - ANSWER Whether the patient received adequate teaching related to her medication and expresses an understanding of that teaching

Which factor is most important for the nurse to assess when evaluating the effectiveness of a patient's drug therapy? - ANSWER Evidence of therapeutic benefit from the medication

Which method may offer the best opportunity for patient teaching - ANSWER Providing education about the patient's medications each time the nurse administers the drugs

During the evaluation phase of drug administration, the nurse completes which responsibilities? - ANSWER Monitors the patient for therapeutic and adverse effects

A health care provider has written an order for digoxin for the client but the nurse cannot read whether the order is for 0.25 mg, 0.125 mg, or 125 mg because there is no "zero" and the decimal point may be a "one." What action would be the best to prevent a medication error? - ANSWER Contact the health care provider to clarify the illegible order

The nurse administers a medication to the wrong client. What are the appropriate nursing actions required? - ANSWER -Monitor the client for adverse reactions -Report the error to the health care provider -Document the error in a critical incident/occurrence report.

A patient experiences profound drowsiness when a stimulant drug is given. This is an unusual reaction for this drug, a reaction that has not been associated with that particular drug. What is the term for this type of drug reaction? - ANSWER idosyncratic reaction

The provider has ordered atropine, a drug that will prevent the patients own chemical, acetylcholine, from causing parasympathetic effects. What type of drug would atropine be considered? - ANSWER an antagonist

A nursing student reads in a pharmacology textbook that 10 mg of morphine is considered to provide the same pain relief as 200 mg of codeine. This indicates that the morphine would be considered more ____ than codeine. - ANSWER potent

What is the term used to describe the magnitude of maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug? - ANSWER efficacy

The health care agency is implementing the use of root-cause analysis (RCA) to reduce the occurrence of medication errors. What areas does RCA analyze in order to prevent errors from recurring? - ANSWER What happened, why it happened, an what can be done to prevent it from happening again

A 16-yar-old adolescent is 6 weeks pregnant. The pregnancy has exacerbated her acne. She asks the nurse if she can resume taking her isotretinoin (Accutane) prescription, a category X drug. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? - ANSWER "Accutane is known to cause birth defects and should never be taken during pregnancy."

To reduce the effect of a prescribed medication on the infant of a breast-feeding mother, how should the nurse teach the mother to take the medication? - ANSWER immediately after breast feeding

An older adult patient has arthritis in her hands and takes several prescription drugs. Which statement by this patient requires further assessment by the nurse? - ANSWER "I care for my 2-year-old grandson twice a week."

A nurse is administering a liquid medication to a 15-month-old child. What is the most appropriate approach to medication administration by the nurse? - ANSWER -Sit the child up, hold the medicine cup to her lips, and kindly instruct her to drink -Offer the child a choice of cup in which to take the medicine.

The nurse is preparing to give an oral medication to a 6-month-old infant. How should this drug be administered? - ANSWER By placing the medicine dropper in the inner cheek, allowing time for the infant to swallow

To reduce the chance of duplicate medication order for the older adult returning homed after surgery, what actions should the nurse take? - ANSWER -Take a medication history, including all OTC and prescription medications and a pharmacy history with each patient visit

The emergency department nurse is caring for a client with a migraine headache. Which drug would the nurse anticipate administering to abort the client's migraine attack? - ANSWER Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

A client admitted with hepatitis B is prescribed hydrocodone with acetaminophen (Vicodin) 2 tablets for pain. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? - ANSWER Recheck the order with the health care provider.

The nurse administers morphine sulfate 4 mg IV to a client for treatment of severe pain. Which of the following assessments require immediate nursing interventions? - ANSWER -The client's pain is unrelieved in 15 minutes -The client's respiratory rate is 10 breaths per minute. -The client becomes unresponsive

An older adult client tells the nurse that she has been using several herbal products recommended by a friend. Why would the nurse be concerned with this statement, given the age of the client? - ANSWER The older adult client may have other disease conditions that could increase the risk for a drug reaction.

Which of the following clients may be most at-risk for adverse effects related to specialty supplements? - ANSWER -Pregnant women -Older adult clients -Clients taking prescription medication

While educating the client about hydrocortisone (Cortef), the nurse would instruct the client to contact the health care provider immediately if which of the following occurs? - ANSWER There is any difficulty breathing

The nurse is admitting a client with rheumatoid arthritis. The client has been taking prednisone (Aristospan) for an extended time. During the assessment, the nurse observes that the client has a very round moon-shaped face, bruising, and an abnormal contour of the shoulders. What does the nurse conclude based on these findings? - ANSWER These are symptoms of adverse drug effects from the prednisone

A 24-year-old client reports taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) fairly regularly for headaches. The nurse knows that a client who consumes excess acetaminophen per day or regularly consumes alcoholic beverages should be observed for what adverse effect? - ANSWER hepatic toxicity

The nurse is counseling a mother regarding antipyretic choices for her 8-year-old daughter. When asked why aspirin is not a good drug to use, what should the nurse tell the mother? - ANSWER It increases the risk of Reye's syndrome in children under 18 with viral infections.

Superinfections are an adverse effect common to all antibiotic therapy. Which of the following best describes a superinfection? - ANSWER The overgrowth of normal body flora or or opportunistic organisms such as viruses and yeast no longer held in check by normal, beneficial flora.

A client will be discharged after surgery with a prescription for penicillin. When planning at-home instructions, what will the nurse include? - ANSWER the entire prescription must be finished

A client has been prescribed tetracycline. When providing information regarding this drug, the nurse should include what information about tetracycline? - ANSWER it is contraindicated in children younger than 8 years

What important information should be included in the client's education regarding taking ciprofloxacin (Cipro)? - ANSWER Any heel or lower leg pain should be reported immediately

A client has been diagnosed with tuberculosis and is prescribed Rifater (combination of pyrazinamide with isoniazid and rifampin). While the client is on this medication, what teaching is essential? (Select all that apply) - ANSWER - "It is crucial to continue therapy for at least 6 to 12 months" -"Two or more drugs are used to prevent tuberculosis bacterial resistance" -"These drugs may also be used to prevent tuberculosis "

A 32 year old female has been started on amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox) for a severe UTI. Before sending her home with this prescription, the nurse will provide which instruction?

• ANSWER Ask her about oral contraceptive use and recommend an alternative method for the education of the ampicillin course

Planning teaching needs for a client who is to be discharged postoperatively with a prescription for oxycodone with acetaminophen (Percocet) should include which of the following? - ANSWER Encourage increased fluids and fiber in the diet.