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PTRS 855 Pharmacology KUMC Exam 2 Module 7 to the end questions with complete solutions Beta blockers help prevent angina pectoris in certain patients because these drugs ______. decrease myocardial oxygen demand increase myocardial oxygen demand decrease oxygen demand in peripheral tissues (skeletal muscle) increase cardiac output decrease blood flow to the heart decrease myocardial oxygen demand Nitric oxide can be used to reduce vascular resistance and decrease arterial pressure in specific hypertensive syndromes because nitric oxide inhibits (blocks) beta-1 receptors on the heart inhibits (blocks) beta-2 receptors on the heart inhibits (blocks) alpha-1 receptors on arteriole smooth muscle directly inhibits the contraction of vascular smooth muscle none of the above; nitric oxide is not useful in reducing arterial pressure directly inhibits the contraction of vascular smooth muscle Calcium channel blockers can help reduce high blood pressure by stimulating the sinoatrial node in the heart
stimulating the atrioventricular node in the heart inhibiting the vasomotor control center in the brainstem inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction increasing renal sodium and water excretion inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction The primary cardiac problem in digitalis toxicity is decreased coronary blood flow increased coronary oxygen demand decreased cardiac intracellular sodium concentration arrhythmia isolated systolic hypotension arrhythmia An 82-year-old patient has a diagnosis of high blood pressure and has been taking nifedipine to decrease the blood pressure. You may expect to see the side effects such as muscle wasting confusion and memory loss swelling of the lower extremities involuntary movements and shaking swelling of the lower extremities
Alpha and beta receptors are the two primary subcategories of muscarinic cholinergic receptors nicotinic cholinergic receptors dopamine receptors 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptors adrenergic receptors adrenergic receptors Which of the following drug categories are used to treat cardiac arrhythmias? organic nitrates alpha blockers beta-blockers digoxin beta-blockers Nitrates should be taken with what form of distribution? orally under the tongue injection IV under the tongue What type of cardiovascular drug needs to be monitored for fatigue, confusion, drowsiness, and GI tract problems? anti-arrhythmia drugs nitrates
digioxin calcium blockers potassium blockers digoxin Which of these drugs acts on the autonomic nervous system? labetalol felodipine verapamil lidocaine labetalol All drugs prescribed for arrhythmias can cause arrhythmias true false true Which of the following is considered an anti-arrhythmia drug that blocks for atrial fibrillation? sodium blockers calcium blockers beta blockers potassium blockers digitalis potassium blockers
beta-blockers digoxin digoxin Which of the following drugs is considered a calcium channel blocker? prazosin mexiletine verapamil atenolol verapamil Cromolyn sodium can help prevent airway irritation and bronchospasm in people with asthma by inhibiting acetylcholine release from airway smooth muscle stimulating histamine receptors on airway smooth muscle blocking histamine receptors on airway smooth muscle inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine from pulmonary mast cells enhancing the release of endogenous anti-inflammatory substances such as cortisol from the adrenal cortex inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine from pulmonary mast cells Leukotriene blocker montelukast blocks the production of leukotrienes by inhibiting the enzyme, lipoxygenase
true false false Drugs that antagonize (block) the H1 subtype of histamine receptors are known as antihistamines. They are effective in treating gastric ulcers are effective in treating sedation are effective in treating allergies cause mucosal congestion are effective in treating allergies High doses and prolonged or excessive use of nasal decongestants is potentially harmful because these drugs can cause insomnia can increase blood pressure can make a person more irritable all the above all the above To minimize the muscle wasting, bone loss, and other serious side effects associated with anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids), it is preferred that these drugs be administered _______ to control airway inflammation in asthma and COPD. orally intramuscularly subcutaneously
recovery of VO2 max Montelukast is used in the treatment of which condition? cystic fibrosis depression asthma infection asthma Which of the following drugs will promote bronchodilation? drugs that stimulate acetylcholine receptors on airway smooth muscle drugs that block (antagonize) beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle methylxanthine derivatives such as theophylline drugs that stimulate parasympathetic nervous system methylxanthine derivatives such as theophylline A tuberculosis bacterium would be treated by a ______. antibiotic glucocorticoid anti-histamine leukotriene blocker antibiotic Glucocorticoids are responsible for stimulating kinin activity, allowing for vasodilation of non-vascular smooth muscle cells.
true false false To administer an inhaler, which of the following indicators would show that the inhaler was used correctly. mist comes out of their nose breathing in quickly and out quickly slowly breathing with no mist coming out the inhaler sprays two times after inhaling slowly breathing with no mist coming out Which of the following drugs is an example of a slow-acting beta agonist? albuterol epinephrine terbutaline formoterol formoterol What type of drug should be given to a person experiencing cystic fibrosis? methylxanthines expectorant decongestants mucolytics anti-histamine
Which of the following drug classes inhibits the migration of leukocytes and mast cells to counteract asthma? beta-agonists glucocorticoids parasympathetic blockers decongestants glucocorticoids Drugs that antagonize (block) the H2 subtype of histamine receptors are known as antihistamines. They are effective in treating gastric ulcers are effective in treating sedation are effective in treating allergies cause mucosal congestion are effective in treating gastric ulcers Anti-spasmodic drugs include pectin loperamide docusate bisacodyl loperamide Which of the following symptoms is the most common side effect of the aluminum-containing antacids? diarrhea constipation
vomiting dizziness insomnia constipation The long-term chronic use of laxatives does not induce major side effects since the majority of laxatives are made of natural products. true false false Proton pump inhibitors are less effective in reducing acid than H2 blockers. true false false A patient taking a drug based on methylcellulose would need to be aware of which side effect? stomach cramps heart palpitations headaches orthostatic hypotension stomach cramps
Drugs such as cimetidine and ranitidine that selectively block histamine type 2 (H2) receptors on stomach parietal cells ______. are available only by prescription prevent the histamine-activated release of gastric acid stimulate excess stomach acid prevent the histamine-activated release of gastric acid Which of the following drugs is the best choice to treat stomach ulcers and eliminate H. pylori? esomeprazole nizatidine pirenzepine bisacodyl ranitidine esomeprazole Which of the following symptoms is the most common side effect of magnesium-containing antacids? diarrhea constipation vomiting dizziness insomnia diarrhea
What drug is just as effective as an H2 receptor antagonist drug like cimetidine at long-term healing of stomach ulcers? rabeprazole amoxicillin pirenzepine loperamide pirenzepine The drug nizatidine, a drug that works in treating excessive stomach acid, is an example of what drug classification? beta-agonist proton pump inhibitor H2 receptor antagonist anti-hypertensive H2 receptor antagonist H2 receptor antagonists are only used for long-term treatment of ulcers. true false false Which drug falls under the classification of proton pump inhibitors? omeprazole metronidazole
Bulking agents are responsible for ____. decreased movement of bowels increased fluid excretion increased fibrous properties in the stool increased movement of bowels increased fibrous properties in stool Hyperosmotic laxatives are responsible for ____. decreased movement of bowels increased fluid excretion increased fibrous properties in the stool increased movement of bowels increased fluid excretion Renin inhibitors interfere with the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. true false true Diuretics have the potential to produce hypokalemia, which can cause cardiac dysrhythmias true false true
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can help _____ blood pressure by _____ the formation of angiotensin II. increase; increasing increase; decreasing decrease; increasing decrease; decreasing decrease; decreasing All of the following types of drugs will decrease cardiac workload in people with heart failure EXCEPT angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors beta-blockers alpha-1 stimulants vasodilators diuretics alpha-1 stimulants In people with heart failure, the best drugs for reducing fluid accumulation and congestion in the lungs and peripheral tissues are alpha blockers beta-blockers angiotensin II receptor blockers calcium channel blockers diuretics diuretics
