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Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 4 Exam
1. Which of the following endocrine glands is considered the "master gland?"
-pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary or testis. ANS Pituitary gland
2. True or False. The pituitary has three lobes called the Anterior, Central, and Posterior lobes ANS
False
3. Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland that it communicates with.
ACTH
TSH LH
ADH ANS ACTH - adrenal cortex TSH - Thyroid LH - ovaries ADH
4. elect the correct description of Somatropin. ANS Mimics the effects of Growth Hormone within the
body.
5. What pituitary hormone does vasopressin mimic? ANS ADH
6. True or False. Vasopressin works to increase water reabsorption in the distal tubules and
collecting duct of the nephron making it useful in the treatment of a hypertensive emergency. ANS False
7. Name the hormone released by the pituitary gland that controls the release of calcitonin. ANS TSH
8. The drug of choice for hypothyroidism is a synthetic version of which of the thyroid hormones?
ANS Synthetic Thyroxine (T4 )
9. List the two conditions associated with a malfunctioning thyroid gland. ANS Hy- pothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
10. True or False. Nervousness is a common symptom associated with hy- pothyroidism. ANS
False
11. True or False. Levothyroxine is synthetic T4. ANS True
12. Out of the two medications used to treat hyperthyroidism, which one is used more often in
clinical practice? ANS Propylthiouracil (PTU)
13. True or False. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an increase in TSH. ANS -
15. True or False. The adrenal glands are located on the upper surface of each kidney. ANS True
16. Provide two examples of naturally occurring glucocorticoid hormone. ANS -
Cortisone cortisol
17. Name the condition that is characterized by a deficiency of glucocorticoid production. ANS
Addisons Disease
18. Describe the way in which glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory effect on the body. ANS
The glucocorticoids work at the cellular level to bind to re- ceptors that either activate the production of anti- inflammatory proteins or prevent proinflammatory protein production.
19. True or False. The long-term use of glucocorticoids is not safe, and pa- tients can experience
many serious adverse events such as obesity, diabetes, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and decreased growth in children. ANS True
20. Select the correct statement below. ANS Somatropin is used to promote linear growth in children
with a deficiency in GH.
21. Oral contraceptives work by introducing exogenous estrogen and proges- terone leading to the
inhibition of the release of what two pituitary hormones?- LH FSH
22. Select the correct statement(s) below.
- Progesterone increases the risk of blood clot
- Oral contraceptives work in part by preventing ovulation
- Oral contraceptives are still effective when not taken every day
- Nausea, irritability and weight gain are all common adverse events asso- ciated with oral contraceptives. ANS Oral contraceptives work in part by preventing ovulation Nausea, irritability and weight gain are all common adverse events associated with oral contraceptives.
23. What organ releases the hormone glucagon? ANS Pancreas
24. Type diabetes is the combination of the no longer pro-
ducing sufficient and a insulin efficiency. ANS 2 pancreas insulin
in the pancreas that secrete insulin resulting in a complete or nearly complete lack of insulin.
26. Select the true statement regarding diabetes. ANS The majority of patients diag- nosed with type 2
diabetes are obese at the time of diagnosis.
27. List four common symptoms of diabetes ANS 1. Polyuria - increased urine output
2. polydipsia - increased thirst
3. polyphagia - increased hunger
4. gluconuria - glucose in the urine
28. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ANS A Hemoglobin A1c repre- sents the average
glucose levels over the last 6 months.
29. True or False. A typical goal for a blood glucose taken first thing on the morning is 70-
140mg/dl. ANS True
30. Name the oral antidiabetic that is considered first line treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
ANS metformin
31. Match the drug class to the mechanism of actions TZDs
production DPP IV inhibitors Amylin agonists Sulfonylureas Biguanides ANS TZDs production - enhances sensitivity of insulin receptors DPP IV inhibitors - prevents the breakdown of incretin
Amylin agonists - Slows gastric emptying, glucagon secretion and glucose Sulfonylureas - stimulates the release of insulin from beta cells Biguanides - decreases glucose production in the liver
32. Select the true statement regarding the treatment of diabetes. ANS Metformin is known to cause GI
side effects that can be minimized with titration and taking with food.
33. True or False. Insulin is required for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. ANS True
34. What is the most physiologic insulin regimen? ANS To take a long term insulin injection once a day
and a fast acting insulin injection at meal times twice per day. Sometimes patients are able to take a NPH twice a day to allow them to need less injections.
35. Match the insulin product with the class of insulin Humalog
NPH
Lantus Humulin R Apidra ANS Humalog - rapid acting NPH
