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Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 6 Exam
1. Antibiotics are a drug class with the ability to destroy or interfere with the development of what
microorganism? ANS bacteria
2. True or False. All Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria lead to strep throat.-
ANS False
3. Select the incorrect statement below.
Health care associated infections are easier to treat because the patient is already in the hospital and can obtain treatment quickly. Gram- negative bacteria tend to be harder to treat. Anaerobic bacteria are commonly found in the GI tract. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium. ANS Health care associated infections are easier to treat because the patient is already in the hospital and can obtain treatment quickly.
4. List one example of a gram-positive bacteria and one example of a gram-negative bacteria.
Specify whether each bacteria is gram-positive or gram-negative. ANS gram-positive bacteria - Staphylococcus aureous gram negative bacteria - Escherichia coli
5. Provide a definition of the terms Antibiotic spectrum and bacteria resis- tance. ANS Antibiotic
spectrum- bacteria that are susceptible to the antibacterial actions of a particular drug. Bacteria Resistance is defined as the ability of some bacteria to resist the actions of antibiotics.
6. Select the description below that is NOT a mechanism of action associated with antibiotics.
Interference with bacterial cell wall synthesis Interference with carbohydrate synthesis Interference with replication of DNA and RNA Antimetabolite action that disrupts important metabolic reactions within the bacterial cell ANS Interference with carbohydrate synthesis
7. What is the term for an antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial growth?-
ANS bacteriostatic
8. Match the antibiotic with the corresponding pharmacologic class. Amoxicillin
treat UTIs The mechanism of action involves inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis They are safe to use in pregnancy They are known to increase the risk of hypoglycemia when combined with sulfonylureas. ANS They are safe to use in pregnancy
11. True or False. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a bactericidal antibiotic.-
ANS True
12. Penicillins and Cephalosporins fall under the broader category of what type of antibiotics?
ANS Beta Lactams
13. Match the Penicillin antibiotic with the common use Amoxicillin
Cloxacillin Penicillin Piperacillin/tazobatam ANS Amoxicillin - ear infections Cloxacillin - resistant staph infections
Penicillin - strep throat Piperacillin/tazobatam - sepsis
14. True or False. Penicillins have the highest incidence of drug allergies of all the drug classes. ANS
True
15. Select the true statement regarding the cephalosporins' spectrum of activ- ity.
All five generation have the same spectrum of activity and only vary in side effects The amount of gram-negative coverage increases with later generations. The fifth generation is the only generation with anaerobic coverage. None of the cephalosporins have any coverage against MRSA. ANS The amount of gram-negative coverage increases with later generations.
16. True or False. Because cephalosporins have a similar chemical struc- ture to penicillins there
is a very high incidence of cross sensitivity. This means if a patient has a penicillin allergy, they will likely have an allergy to cephalosporins, too. ANS False
17. What term would best describe a bacterium that has become resistant to all of the penicillins,
making it one of the harder bacteria to treat? ANS MRSA (methicillin resistant Staph aureus)
18. True or False. Erythromycin is the least tolerated antibiotic in its drug class. ANS True
19. Select the drug class that is known to cause kidney damage especially in the presence of
dehydration. ANS Sulfonamides
20. Provide a description of the mechanism of action of azithromycin. ANS inhibits protein synthesis
Cephalosporins - bactericidal Sulfonamides - bacteriostatic
25. Select the false statement regarding aminoglycosides.
They have good oral absorption. They are known to have some serious toxicities. They have good gram-negative coverage They work by interfering with protein synthesis ANS They have good oral absorption.
26. Define what a healthcare-acquired infection is, and explain the implica- tions should one be
acquired. ANS Health care-associated infections are defined as an infection acquired during the course of receiving treatment for another condition in a health care institution. Generally, health care associated infections are much more difficult to treat because the microorganisms have been exposed to strong antibiotics in the past and therefore are resistant to many treatments.
27. True or False. The typical route of administration for tobramycin is IV. ANS True
28. What pregnancy class do Aminoglycosides belong? ANS Pregnancy category D
29. A patient is being treated for a serious infection with IV Amikacin. The nurse notices that the
patient's urine output has decreased, and when the urine is tested it shows the presence of protein. What is the most likely explanation? ANS The patient is experiencing nephrotoxicity from the Amikacin.
30. True or False. Fluoroquinolones generally have broad gram-negative cov- erage. ANS True
31. What is the unique risk associated with levofloxacin that makes it an unsafe choice for
pediatric patients? ANS There is evidence of cartilage defects including ruptured tendons.
32. True or False. Ciprofloxacin is the fluoroquinolone with the most gram-pos- itive coverage. ANS
False
33. Which of the following antibiotics would be the best choice for treating a pseudomonas
infection? ANS Amikacin
34. Match the bacteria with a common infection associated with it. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa Enterococcus faecalis Escherichia Coli Staphylococcus aureus ANS Pseudomonas aeruginosa - meningitis Enterococcus faecalis - UTI
