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Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 7 Exam
1. Name the cells responsible for the release of Hydrochloric acid in the stomach. ANS Parietal
Cells
2. Select the substance below that is a major stimulator for the release of gastric juices. ANS
Acetylcholine
3. Describe the role of acetylcholine in the release of gastric acid. ANS Acetyl- choline binds to chief
cells, ECL cells, parietal cells, and G cells to stimulate the release of gastric acid in the stomach and small intestines. This is to breakdown food contents in the stomach during digestion.
4. Name the type of bacteria that is the primary cause of peptic ulcers. ANS Heli- cobacter pylori (H.
pylori)
5. A patient has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer not caused by bacteria. Select the drug below
most likely to have played a part in causing this ulcer. ANS Ibuprofen
6. True or False. The pain associated with stomach ulcers is often relieved with food. ANS False
7. What does IBS stand for? ANS Irritable Bowel Syndrome
8. Select the False statement regarding GERD. Synonymous
with occasional heartburn LES loosens Symptoms can be impacted by diet changes PPIs are the most effective treatment ANS Synonymous with occasional heartburn
9. In reference to the treatment of Peptic ulcers caused by H. Pylori, what three classes of
medications are most often used in the treatment regimens? ANS An- tibiotics bismuth salts PPIs
10. Select the antibiotic that is not recommended for the treatment of H. Pylori. ANS
Levofloxacin
11. True or False. "Quadruple therapy" refers to a treatment regimen for peptic ulcers including
14. Select a lifestyle modification that would not improve the symptoms of a patient suffering from
frequent heartburn. ANS Weight gain
15. True or False. Misoprostol is contraindicated for use during pregnancy. ANS -
True
16. True or False. The development of PPIs has essentially made the use H2 antagonists for the
treatment of GERD obsolete. ANS False
17. Which H2 receptor antagonist has been associated with the most drug interactions, limiting
its use? ANS cimetidine
18. Using the mechanism of action in your answer, explain why PPIs are superior to H2 blockers
in their effectiveness in acid reduction. ANS PPIs work by inhibiting the exchange of hydrogen and potassium which is essential to the production of HCl. Therefore, preventing the formation of any acid. H receptor blockers do not prevent the formation of HCl but rather work by reducing the secretion by inhibiting histamine from binding to H2 receptors.
19. Omeprazole may decrease the effects of which antiplatelet medication? ANS -
clopidogrel (Plavix)
20. Select the PPI that is available OTC. ANS Omeprazole
21. True or False. Magnesium containing antacids are known to cause consti- pation. ANS False
22. Describe the mechanism of action of antacids in the treatment of GERD. ANS - They work by
neutralizing the gastric acidity by reacting with HCl to form water and salts.
23. Select the correct statement regarding diarrhea
Acute diarrhea can last up to 21 days Infection is a common cause of diarrhea Treatment of diarrhea is the same regardless of cause Diarrhea is always self-limiting and no reason for concern ANS Infection is a com- mon cause of diarrhea
24. Match the antidiarrheal medication with their corresponding class
Bismuth subsalicylate Atropine Loperamide Lactobacillus acidophilus ANS Bismuth subsalicylate - absorbent
Magnesium hydroxide - increase osmotic pressure in small intestines Senna - activate nerves within the intestine that cause peristalsis
29. Which type of laxative has no major drug interactions? ANS Saline laxatives
30. A patient is in need of relief from their constipation quickly. Select the laxative with the
fastest onset of action. ANS Psyllium
31. Select the False statement regarding IBS.
When the symptoms of constipation predominant IBS are not managed with conventional therapy, linaclotide is an appropriate next step
Alosetron is first line therapy for IBS IBS is more common in women Alosetron can cause serious ischemic colitis. ANS Alosetron is first line therapy for IBS
32. True or False. Substance K is a neurotransmitter that is involved in the pathophysiology of
nausea and vomiting. ANS False
33. What are the two areas within the brain directly involved in the processes of nausea and
vomiting? ANS Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CNZ) Vomiting Center
34. Select the correct description of how metoclopramide works to inhibit nausea and vomiting.
ANS Stimulate peristalsis through ACh receptors and block dopamine receptors
35. Name an antiemetic medication that is available OTC. ANS diphenhydramine
36. What type of nausea and vomiting is treated with drugs such as on- dansetron? ANS
Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
37. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding nausea and vomit- ing?
Anticholinergics work well in combination with metoclopramide Aprepitant is commonly used to treat nausea associated with pregnancy Promethazine is known to have side effects such as slurred speech, tremor, muscle rigidity
