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Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 8 Exam
1. What is the general term used to describe medications that relieve pain? ANS -
Analgesics
2. Select the false statement regarding key terms related to pain and the treatment of pain. ANS
Physical dependence to analgesics is characterized by the need to use the drugs despite the harm they may cause.
3. Name the class of analgesics that also possesses anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity.
ANS NSAIDs
4. True or False. Opioids act on mu, kappa, and delta receptors. ANS True
5. Certain antiepileptic medications have shown to be effective in treating what type of pain?
ANS Neuropathic pain
6. Select the false statement regarding fibromyalgia. ANS It is thought to be caused by the development
of tolerance to pain medications.
7. Which chemical category of opioids do most opioids fall under? ANS Mor- phine-like drugs
Phenanthrenes
8. True or False. Constipation is a common side effect associated with opioids that does not
dissipate over time. ANS True
9. Put the following opioids in order from least potent to most potent.
- methadone, fentanyl, and hydrocodone ANS hydrocodone methadone Fentanyl
10. Select the true statement below.
Oxycodone is commonly used in prescription cough suppressants Methadone is primarily used to treat addiction Hydromorphone is twice as potent as morphine Morphine is available in a 72-hour topical patch. ANS Methadone is primarily used to treat addiction
11. True or False. When people die from an opioid overdose it is usually related to respiratory
depression. ANS True
They are commonly used to treat arthritis, joint pain, fibromyalgia Celecoxib is selective for COX- Ibuprofen is also known as Advil or Aleve ANS There are over 23 different NSAIDs available on the market
14. The first response of the body is to release 1. from phos- pholipids in the cell membrane. It
can then be metabolized by two differ- ent pathways the 2. pathway or the leukotriene pathway. The ultimate effects of both of these pathways is inflammation, edema, headache, and other pain characteristics. The first pathway involves an en- zyme 3. that converts arachidonic acid into various sub- stances that then go on to cause inflammation by increasing vasodilation and vasopermeability. This then in turn increases the action of other proinflamma- tory substances like 4. and bradykinin. The second pathway is less well understood, but essentially the enzyme lipoxygenase converts the arachidonic acid to various 5. that also increase the body's inflammatory response. ANS 1. arachidonic acid
2. prostaglandin
3. salicylase
4. Histamine
5. Prostaglandins
15. List three common signs of inflammation. ANS pain fever
Redness
16. Which of the following statements is false regarding the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
COX-2 has been shown to have a primary role in the inflammation pathway Aspirin reversibly binds to COX-1 receptors within platelets COX-1 has a role maintaining an intact GI tract Salicylates do not inhibit the leukotriene pathway ANS Aspirin reversibly binds to COX-1 receptors within platelets
17. Select the serious adverse effect that is associated with chronic NSAID use. ANS Renal failure
26. Name the neurotransmitter that the majority of the second-generation antidepressants
target. ANS Serotonin
27. Match the class of antidepressant with the correct medication.
Tricyclic antidepressants MAOIs SSRIs SNRIs ANS Tricyclic antidepressants - Nortriptyline MAOIs - Phenelzine SSRIs - Fluoxetine SNRIs - Venlafaxine
28. What is a common secondary use of the antidepressant bupropion? ANS -
Smoking cessation
29. What neurotransmitter is thought to have excess activity in the brains of patients with psychotic
disorders? ANS dopamine
30. True or False. Only atypical antipsychotics are able to impact the positive symptoms of
schizophrenia. ANS False
31. What are the two benefits of a more targeted mechanism of action of the atypical
antipsychotics? ANS Improved efficacy (especially negative symptoms) and less adverse effects.
32. Select the true statement regarding mental illness.
Antipsychotics are very targeted for dopamine receptors and impact other receptors minimally The atypical antipsychotics generally are well tolerated Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have a larger role in disrupting patient's lives Antipsychotics have many side effects and are strictly used to treat psychosis related disorders ANS Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have a larger role in dis- rupting patient's lives
33. Match the side effect with the correct description. EPS
Tardive Dyskinesia NMS ANS EPS - akathisia & dystonia Tardive Dyskinesia - involuntary movements of lips, jaw, tongue, and extremities NMS - fever, cardiovascular instability & muscle breakdown
34. Select the correct statement
Lithium Risperidone Fluoxetine Amitriptyline ANS Phenelzine - hypertensive crisis Lithium - cardiac dysrhythmia; slurred speech Risperidone - weight gain, increased lipids Fluoxetine - sexual dysfunction Amitriptyline - lower seizure threshold, urinary retention
