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1. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam study guide 2. How to prepare for Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam 3. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam practice questions 4. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam tips and tricks 5. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam review materials 6. Best resources for NURS 251 Pharmacology exam 7. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam difficulty level 8. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam format 9. How long is the NURS 251 Pharmacology exam 10. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam passing score 11. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam retake policy 12. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam sample questions 13. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam study schedule 14. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam key topics 15. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam flashcards 16. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam online resources 17. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam study group 18. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam preparation timeline 19. Pharmacology NURS 251 Module exam common mistakes 20. NURS 251 Pharmacology exam success strategies
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Analgesics
Physical dependence to analgesics is characterized by the need to use the drugs despite the harm they may cause.
ANS NSAIDs
ANS Neuropathic pain
of tolerance to pain medications.
Phenanthrenes
dissipate over time. ANS True
Oxycodone is commonly used in prescription cough suppressants Methadone is primarily used to treat addiction Hydromorphone is twice as potent as morphine Morphine is available in a 72-hour topical patch. ANS Methadone is primarily used to treat addiction
depression. ANS True
They are commonly used to treat arthritis, joint pain, fibromyalgia Celecoxib is selective for COX- Ibuprofen is also known as Advil or Aleve ANS There are over 23 different NSAIDs available on the market
can then be metabolized by two differ- ent pathways the 2. pathway or the leukotriene pathway. The ultimate effects of both of these pathways is inflammation, edema, headache, and other pain characteristics. The first pathway involves an en- zyme 3. that converts arachidonic acid into various sub- stances that then go on to cause inflammation by increasing vasodilation and vasopermeability. This then in turn increases the action of other proinflamma- tory substances like 4. and bradykinin. The second pathway is less well understood, but essentially the enzyme lipoxygenase converts the arachidonic acid to various 5. that also increase the body's inflammatory response. ANS 1. arachidonic acid
Redness
COX-2 has been shown to have a primary role in the inflammation pathway Aspirin reversibly binds to COX-1 receptors within platelets COX-1 has a role maintaining an intact GI tract Salicylates do not inhibit the leukotriene pathway ANS Aspirin reversibly binds to COX-1 receptors within platelets
target. ANS Serotonin
Tricyclic antidepressants MAOIs SSRIs SNRIs ANS Tricyclic antidepressants - Nortriptyline MAOIs - Phenelzine SSRIs - Fluoxetine SNRIs - Venlafaxine
Smoking cessation
disorders? ANS dopamine
schizophrenia. ANS False
antipsychotics? ANS Improved efficacy (especially negative symptoms) and less adverse effects.
Antipsychotics are very targeted for dopamine receptors and impact other receptors minimally The atypical antipsychotics generally are well tolerated Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have a larger role in disrupting patient's lives Antipsychotics have many side effects and are strictly used to treat psychosis related disorders ANS Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have a larger role in dis- rupting patient's lives
Tardive Dyskinesia NMS ANS EPS - akathisia & dystonia Tardive Dyskinesia - involuntary movements of lips, jaw, tongue, and extremities NMS - fever, cardiovascular instability & muscle breakdown
Lithium Risperidone Fluoxetine Amitriptyline ANS Phenelzine - hypertensive crisis Lithium - cardiac dysrhythmia; slurred speech Risperidone - weight gain, increased lipids Fluoxetine - sexual dysfunction Amitriptyline - lower seizure threshold, urinary retention