TERM 1
Gentamicin
DEFINITION 1
- u used for serious infection (UTI, sep sis, peritonitis) - e effective
against gram negative bacilli - higher concentration in kidne ys
than serum - a affects pro tein synthesis in the cell -
contraindicated for pregnant and lac tating women - precautions
for patients with any kidney problems Nephrotoxic, neurotoxic,
ototoxic maintain blood levels with in a narrow therapeutic margin
check for peak and trough levels
TERM 2
Clindamycin
DEFINITION 2
Used against gram positive cocci, and some gram (+,-) anaerobes
Binds to bacterial ribosomes in the ce ll suppressing protein
synthesis. - contraindicated for pregnant and lactated women,
hypersensitivity, and renal or hepatic
dysfunctionPseudomembranous colit is(black box warning),
maculopapular rash, erythema, purit usRelated to possible blood
dyscrasias Take on empty stomach with a glass of water Always
check that C & S reports indicate sen sitivity to Clindamycin
TERM 3
Penicillin G
DEFINITION 3
Prototype Drug- Penicillin G - for gram positive infections - Highly
protein bound - Given as IM or IV - Inhibits final stage of cell wall
synthesis and is selectively toxic to ba cteria - Counteracts effects
of oral contraceptives - Drug administered around the clock
Adverse effects - drug allergies comm on - GI upset, NVD, possible
anaphylaxis Drug therapy should last 7-10 days - provide small
frequent meals
TERM 4
Cefazolin
DEFINITION 4
Administered: IM. Peak: 1.5 to 2 hour s. IV . Peak : 5 minutes Binds
with PBPs (Penicillin Binding proteins)in cell wall which distrupts
cell wall synthesisTreats gram negat ive Do not cross blood brain
barrier Activates autolys ins which damage cell wall Adverse effects
- known drug allergies - maculopapu lar rash, GI symptoms,
nephrotoxicity - contraindications for pregnant or lactating women,
children <1 month old, renal failure - normal b ody flora can be
destroyed - moniter for super infection
TERM 5
Vancomycin
DEFINITION 5
The only drug in its class used only when ot her antibiotics fail Successful
against most gram positive pathogens There are resistant strains VRE -
potentially toxic drug. Used to treat bacteria l septicemia, endocarditis,
bone and joint infections - used to trea t MRSA and for patients allergic to
penicillin Administered through IV - Orally for psuedomembranous colitis
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by altering cell perm eability Adverse effects -
contraindicated for hypersensitivity and pre gnancy - can cause
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, histamine rele ase Administer vancomycin
IV over at least 60 minutes Assess IV frequently for sig ns of phlebitis
