PHARMACOLOGY TEST 2 BANK- WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS-2024-2025- GRADEBOOSTER, Exams of Pharmacology

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PHARMACOLOGY TEST BANK WITH

VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024-

A psychiatric nurse is teaching a patient about an antidepressant medication. The nurse tells the patient that therapeutic effects may not occur for several weeks. The nurse understands that this is likely the result of Changes in the brain as a result of prolonged drug exposure A nurse is teaching a group of students how the CNS adapts to psychotherapeutic medications. Which statement by a nursing student indicates a need for further teaching? Adaptation results in an increased sensitivity to side effects over time A group of nursing students asks a nurse to explain the blood-brain barrier. the nurse would be correct to say that the BBB Prevents some potentially toxic substances from crossing into the CNS A nurse is teaching a group of students how CNS drugs are developed. Which statement by a student indicates a need for further teaching? These drugs are developed based on scientific knowledge of CNS transmitters and receptors A patient asks a nurse to explain what drug tolerance means. The nurse responds by telling the patient that when tolerance occurs, it means the patient May need increased amounts of the drug over time An infant who receives a drug that does not produce CNS side effects in adults exhibits drowsiness and sedation. The nurse understands that this is because of the differences in which physiologic system? BBB A patient has taken Levodopa (Dopar) for parkinson's disease for 2 weeks but reports no improvement in the symptoms. Which response by the nurse is correct? It may take several months for a response to occur A nurse provides teaching for a patient who is newly diagnosed with PD. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the drug therapy for the disease? A levodopa/carbidopa combination is used to improve motor function A patient has been diagnosed with PD and begins treatment with levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet). After several months of therapy the patient reports no change in symptoms. The nurse will expect the provider to Re-evaluate the diagnosis A patient with PD is taking Levodopa/carbidopa and reports occasional periods of loss of drug effect lasting from minutes to several hours. The nurse questions the patient further and discovers that these episodes occur at different times related to the medication administration. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss Administering a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, such as entacapone

While some drugs show promise, there are no studies that have proven a neuroprotective effect We have an expert-written solution to this problem! The nurse provides teaching for a patient who will begin taking rotigotine [Neupro] to treat Parkinson's disease. What will the nurse include in teaching? If you need to stop this drug, your provider will order a gradual withdrawal A patient with Parkinson's disease is taking levodopa/carbidopa [Sinemet] along with amantadine [Symmetrel] 400 mg/day to treat dyskinesias. The patient reports having increased dyskinesias several months after beginning the amantadine. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss which action? Interrupting treatment with amantadine for several weeks A nurse is caring for an older adult man who has Alzheimer's disease (AD). The patient's daughter wants to know if testing can be done to determine her risk for developing the disease. What will the nurse tell her? Advancing age and family history are known risk factors The spouse of a patient who is newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease asks the nurse if medications will prevent the need for nursing home care. Which response by the nurse is correct? Drugs to treat AZ disease may slow the progression of memory loss An older adult patient with Alzheimer's disease is admitted to the hospital. The patient's spouse reports that the patient is often confused and gets lost walking to the store, which is three blocks from their home. That evening, the nurse observes the patient pacing the hall and screaming. What will the nurse do? Tell the spouse that this is an expected progression of the disease An older adult patient has confusion, memory loss, and disorientation in familiar surroundings. The patient has been taking donepezil [Aricept] 10 mg once daily for 6 months. The patient's symptoms have begun to worsen, and the patient's spouse asks if the medication dose can be increased. What will the nurse tell the spouse? The dose can be increased because the patient has been taking the drug for longer than 3 months A patient will begin taking a cholinesterase inhibitor for early Alzheimer's disease. The nurse is teaching the patient's spouse about the medication. Which statement by the spouse indicates a need for further teaching? This drug significantly slows the progression of the disease The spouse of a patient with Alzheimer's disease asks a nurse for more information about the rivastigmine [Exelon] transdermal patch that is being used. Which statement by the spouse indicates a need for further explanation? We only need to change the patch every 2 weeks

A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the use of memantine [Namenda] for Alzheimer's disease. Which statement by a student indicates understanding of the teaching? Memantine modulates the effects of glutamate to alter calcium influx into neurons A nurse is caring for an older adult patient who has Alzheimer's disease. The patient is taking a cholinesterase inhibitor drug. Which side effects would concern the nurse? Slowed heart rate and lightheadedness A nurse is preparing to administer memantine [Nemanda] to a patient and notes a slight elevation in the patient's creatinine clearance level. What will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient? Reducing the dose of memantine A patient has been newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), and the nurse provides teaching about the medications for the disease. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? If medication is begun early, permanent remission can be achieved A patient has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) for 10 years and has a history of 3 periods of neurologic dysfunction lasting several weeks separated by long periods of full recovery. In the past 6 months, the patient has had a prolonged period of neurologic dysfunction without remission. The nurse understands that the patient may have which MS subtype? Secondary progressive MS A patient has been diagnosed with primary progressive multiple sclerosis for 1 year and reports a recent brief period of being symptom free. The nurse will tell the patient that this indicates what? Temporary improvement A patient is being treated with interferon beta-1a [Avonex] for relapsing-remitting MS. The patient calls the clinic to report headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches after administering a dose. What will the nurse recommend? Acetaminophen or ibuprofen A patient with multiple sclerosis is to begin treatment with interferon beta. The patient comes to the clinic to have pretreatment laboratory tests. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching about these tests? After the first year of treatment, i will need once yearly blood work A patient administers interferon beta-1a SQ [Rebif] 22 mcg/0.5 mL three times each week. The patient calls the nurse to report unrelieved itching and erythema at the injection site, despite the use of topical hydrocortisone for several weeks. What will the nurse tell this patient to do? Take oral diphenhydramine (Benadryl) A patient has received an initial dose of glatiramer acetate [Copaxone] for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The nurse notes that the patient appears flushed and anxious and has urticaria.

Contact the provider to request an order for serum drug levels A patient with a form of epilepsy that may have spontaneous remission has been taking an AED for a year. The patient reports being seizure free for 6 months and asks the nurse when the drug can be discontinued. What will the nurse tell the patient? The provider will withdraw the drug over a 6 to 12 week period A patient with a seizure disorder is admitted to the hospital and has a partial convulsive episode shortly after arriving on the unit. The patient has been taking phenytoin [Dilantin] 100 mg three times daily and oxcarbazepine [Trileptal] 300 mg twice daily for several years. The patient's phenytoin level is 8.6 mcg/mL, and the oxcarbazepine level is 22 mcg/mL. The nurse contacts the provider to report these levels and the seizure. What will the nurse expect the provider to order? An increased dose of phenytoin A nurse counsels a patient who is to begin taking phenytoin [Dilantin] for epilepsy. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? I should brush and floss my teeth regularly A patient is to begin taking phenytoin [Dilantin] for seizures. The patient tells the nurse that she is taking oral contraceptives. What will the nurse tell the patient? She could consider a different form of birth control while taking phenytoin A patient who has a seizure disorder is admitted to the hospital after an increase in seizure frequency, and the prescriber orders carbamazepine [Tegretol] 100 mg twice daily to be added to the patient's medication regimen. The nurse reviewing the patient's medical history notes that the patient is already taking lamotrigine [Lamictal] 375 mg twice daily. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss which action? Reucing the lamotrigine dose to 225mg twice daily A patient who is taking oral contraceptives begins taking valproic acid [Depakote] for seizures. After a week of therapy with valproic acid, the patient tells the nurse that she is experiencing nausea. What will the nurse do? Ask the patient if she is taking the valproic acid with food, because taking the drug on an empty stomach can cause GI side effects A child is diagnosed with absence seizures, and the prescriber orders ethosuximide [Zarontin]. When teaching the child's parents about dosage adjustments for this drug, the nurse will stress the importance of: recording the number of seizures the child has each day A patient who has been taking phenobarbital for epilepsy begins taking valproic acid [Depakote] as adjunct therapy. The nurse notes that the patient is very drowsy. What will the nurse do? Notify the prescriber and request an order to reduce the dose of phenobarbital A nurse is providing teaching to a patient newly diagnosed with partial seizures who will begin taking oxcarbazepine [Trileptal]. The patient also takes furosemide [Lasix] and digoxin [Lanoxin]. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

I should report any nausea, drowsiness, and headache to my provider A child who receives valproic acid [Depakote] begins taking lamotrigine [Lamictal] because of an increase in the number of seizures. The nurse will observe this child closely for which symptom? Rash A 20-kg child has been taking valproic acid [Depakote] for 1 week to treat a seizure disorder. The child is receiving 200 mg PO twice daily. The child's parents report no improvement in seizure activity. The nurse will anticipate that the provider will order which change in this child's drug regimen? Increasing the dose of valproic acid to 300 mg PO twice daily A patient has begun taking phenobarbital after experiencing several seizures and is currently receiving 60 mg PO twice daily. After two weeks of therapy, the patient has a serum drug level of 30 mcg/mL and reports feeling drowsy much of the day. What will the nurse tell this patient? I will contact your provider to discuss changing your dosing to once daily to minimize the drowsiness A nurse is admitting a patient to the hospital. The patient reports taking oral baclofen [Lioresal] but stopped taking the drug the day before admission. The nurse would be correct to anticipate which adverse effects? Seizures and Hallucinations A patient who has a lower back injury exhibits muscle spasms. The provider orders cyclobenzaprine [Flexeril] 10 mg three times a day. What will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this drug? You may experience blurred vision, dry mouth, or constipation A nurse is caring for a patient receiving intrathecal baclofen [Lioresal]. The patient is unresponsive. After asking a coworker to contact the provider, the nurse anticipates performing which intervention? Preparing to support respirations A patient has localized muscle spasms after an injury. The prescriber has ordered tizanidine [Zanaflex] to alleviate the spasms. When obtaining the patient's health history, the nurse should be concerned about which possible reason for considering another drug? A history of hepatitis Which patient should receive dantrolene [Dantrium] with caution? A 55 y/o woman with multiple sclerosis A nurse is teaching the parent of a child with spastic quadriplegia about intrathecal baclofen [Lioresal]. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? If my child has a seizure, I should stop giving the medication immediately A patient with cerebral palsy has severe muscle spasticity and muscle weakness. The patient is unable to take anything by mouth. The nurse is correct to anticipate that which medication will be ordered for home therapy?

A nurse is assisting a physician who is performing a circumcision on a newborn. The physician asks the nurse to prepare lidocaine and epinephrine for injection to provide anesthesia. What will the nurse do? Question the use of the epinephrine for this procedure A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about local anesthetics. Which statement by a student reflects an understanding of the teaching? Local anesthetics affect motor and sensory nerves A postoperative patient is reporting pain as a 7 on a scale from 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst pain. The nurse caring for the patient assesses vital signs of HR, 76; RR, 16; and BP, 110/70. The patient has vomited twice. Which postoperative medications will the nurse expect to administer? Morphine and ondansetron (Zofran) A nurse is teaching nursing students about inhalation anesthesia and asks, "What is balanced anesthesia?" Which response by a student is correct? An anesthesia that combines other drugs with inhalation anesthesia to produce the desired effects A surgical patient is receiving succinylcholine [Anectine] with an inhalation anesthetic. The patient is intubated, has an indwelling urinary catheter, and has ongoing monitoring of vital signs. Which symptom during the perioperative period is cause for concern? Elevated temperature A nurse administers atropine to a patient before induction of anesthesia for a surgical procedure. When evaluating the effects of this medication, the nurse will: Monitor the patient's heart rate An anesthesiologist completes preoperative teaching for a patient the night before surgery. The patient asks the nurse to clarify the reason methohexital [Brevital] will be given as an adjunct to the anesthetic. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding? Brevital is used to produce rapid unconsciousness before administration of the inhaled anesthetic A patient in the postanesthesia recovery unit received ketamine [Ketalar] for right open reduction internal fixation surgery. What drug would be beneficial as a premedication to help minimize adverse reactions? Diazepam (Valium) A preoperative patient receives atropine before induction of anesthesia. The nurse caring for this patient understands that this agent is used to prevent: Bradycardia A patient will receive intravenous midazolam [Versed] combined with fentanyl while undergoing an endoscopic procedure. The nurse is explaining the reasons for this to a nursing student before the procedure. Which statement by the student indicates understanding of the teaching? The patient will not remember the procedure

A patient receives a neuromuscular blocking agent as an adjunct to inhalation anesthesia. When caring for this patient, it is important for the nurse to remember that neuromuscular blocking agents: Prevent contraction of the diaphragm A postoperative patient complains of abdominal bloating and discomfort. The nurse caring for this patient will contact the provider to request which medication? Bethanechol A surgical nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving isoflurane [Forane]. Which is true about this inhalation anesthetic? Propofol is used for induction to minimize cough prior to administering isoflurane A nurse caring for a patient after a cesarean section learns that the patient received isoflurane [Forane] during the surgery. What will the nurse monitor most closely in this patient? Uterine tone A patient asks the nurse what can be given to alleviate severe, chronic pain of several months' duration. The patient has been taking oxycodone [OxyContin] and states that it is no longer effective. The nurse will suggest discussing which medication with the provider? Fentanyl (Duragesic) transdermal patch A patient who has had abdominal surgery has been receiving morphine sulfate via a patientcontrolled analgesia (PCA) pump. The nurse assesses the patient and notes that the patient's pupils are dilated and that the patient is drowsy and lethargic. The patient's heart rate is 84 beats per minute, the respiratory rate is 10 breaths per minute, and the blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? Prepare to administer naloxone and possibly ventilatory support A patient with moderate to severe chronic pain has been taking oxycodone [OxyContin] 60 mg every 6 hours PRN for several months and tells the nurse that the medication is not as effective as before. The patient asks if something stronger can be taken. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss: Changing the medication to a continued-release preparation A patient with cancer has been taking an opioid analgesic four times daily for several months and reports needing increased doses for pain. What will the nurse tell the patient? The patient should discuss increasing the dose with the provider A woman in labor receives meperidine [Demerol] for pain. The nurse caring for the infant will observe the infant closely for: Respiratory depressions A patient who has biliary colic reports a pain level of 8 on a 1 to 10 pain scale with 10 being the most severe pain. The patient has an order for ibuprofen as needed for pain. Which action by the nurse is correct? Request an order for merperidine (Demerol)