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PHI 105 - DeMarneffe (Exam 4)Graded A+
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What does Kant mean by the "essential ends of humanity"? How, according to him, is chronic drunkenness incompatible with these ends? - correct answer • The essential ends of humanity are primarily the development and exercise of our rational capacities.
On what interpretation of "human essence" does existentialism make sense? - correct answer • As a kind of function (Aristotle)
How, given his position in Euthyphro, would Socrates disagree with Sartre on the nature of value? - correct answer • "Is something good because the gods love it, or do the gods love it because it is good?" According to Socrates, things can just be good. Value is independent of attitudes. He would disagree. How does Nietzsche distinguish the moral systems of good/bad and good/evil? What names does he give these moral systems? Which came first, and how did the other arise? - correct answer • Greek connotation: Good=excellent which is used to distinguish those who are excellent versus those who are mediocre. And Bad would be untalented, ugly, etc.
He thinks that christianity is the denial of the will to power and is therefore a form of death. Using St. Paul's Exhortation and the Prayer of St. Francis as your basis for judgment, evaluate whether or not Nietzsche is right to suggest that acceptance of Christianity-"slave morality"-is incompatible with the full development of the human potential for creativity. - correct answer • The notion of slave morality that Nietzsche puts forth suggests that Christianity hinders the capacity for human growth to that of the aforementioned traits (meekness, destitution, etc) but St. Paul's Exhortation acknowledges that each of us has some unique thing to offer humanity, unlimited by the associations Nietzsche makes with Christianity. How does Socrates' view of the value to a person of acting justly differ fundamentally from that of Nietzsche? - correct answer • Socrates believes that by acting justly, you benefit yourself because justice is intrinsically good for us. Nietzsche disagrees because he thinks that if people are constantly concerned with justice they will not fully develop their higher capacities. He thinks justice only has instrumental value because people need peace and stability to develop their higher capacities.
only via biological process like natural selection. Now explain why, given these assumptions, this might in fact be the best of all possible worlds. - correct answer º Humans are unique in their capacity for reasoning
If lost: loss of power, riches and glory (death)