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A set of questions and answers related to a phil 101 exam from straighterline. It covers a wide range of philosophical concepts and theories, including aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and various philosophical fallacies. Definitions, explanations, and identifications of key philosophical ideas and thinkers, such as descartes, plato, aristotle, aquinas, and leibniz. By studying this document, students can gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and debates within the field of philosophy, which can be useful for preparing for exams, writing essays, or engaging in deeper philosophical discussions.
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_____ is defined as the philosophical study of art and of value judgements about art - ANSWER-Aesthetics According to Anne Conway, God _____. - ANSWER-is an eternal creator According to Rene Descartes, "clarity and distinctness" was a mark of ______ - ANSWER-Truth Anne Conway advocated what sort of Metaphysics? - ANSWER-Monadology Aristotle's works include all of the following EXCEPT _____ - ANSWER-the Confessions Epistemology is the branch that explores the sources, nature, limits, and criteria of _____. - ANSWER-knowledge In philosophy, what is an argument? - ANSWER-giving reasons for a belief Metaphysics is the branch of psychology concerned with the nature and fundamental properties of ______ - ANSWER-being Plato's three famous theories are as follows: - ANSWER-Theory of Knowledge, Theory of Love and Becoming, and Theory of Forms Some of Descartes's followers proposed a solution to the problem of how the immaterial mind interacts with the material body, given that the body is supposed to be subject to physical laws. The solution is called _____. - ANSWER-parallelism Thales, Anaximenes, and Anaximander are collectively known as the _______ - ANSWER-Milesians The fallacy of ______ occurs when someone brings an irrelevancy into a conversation - ANSWER-red herring The fallacy of _______ amounts to transferring the qualities of a spokesperson to his or her insights, arguments, beliefs, or positions - ANSWER-argumentum ad hominem The most famous dialogue of Plato is ______, from the so-called middle period of Plato's writings, during which Plato reached the peak of his genius - ANSWER-The Republic The most famous monadology in the history of philosophy is that of _______ - ANSWER-Baron von Leibniz
Thinking that a person's position is frightening because the person himself is frightening would be an obvious mistake in reasoning. This is an example of the fallacy of _____. - ANSWER-argumentum ad hominem Those who think that they can account for universal terms without invoking universals either as real things out there in the world or as concepts in the mind subscribe to _____. - ANSWER-nominalism What did Aquinas maintain concerning the soul? - ANSWER-It is a direct creation of God What did Aristotle say about change? - ANSWER-It is a movement from potentiality to actuality. What did George Berkeley mean about such things as tables and chairs when he denied the existence of matter? - ANSWER-There are no unperceived tables and chairs What does Aristotle mean by the efficient cause of a thing? - ANSWER-What made it? What fallacy is it when an argument assumes only two options when in fact there are more? - ANSWER-false dilemma What is reality according to a follower of Parmenides? - ANSWER-one and unchanging What is syllogism? - ANSWER-a kind of inference What was the essence of reality for Heraclitus? - ANSWER-change When the Delphi Oracle pronounced Socrates to be the wisest of people, Socrates thought the pronouncement referred to the fact that he: - ANSWER-was aware of his ignorance. Which of the following ancient traditions did Plotinus represent? - ANSWER- Neoplatonism Which of the following branches of philosophy does NOT involve questions related to values? - ANSWER-Metaphysics Which of the following claims did Descartes use to establish the certainty of his known existence? - ANSWER-I think, therefore I am Which of the following dialogues of Plato gives the best-known account of the Theory of Forms? - ANSWER-the Republic Which of the following statements is true about Anaxagoras? - ANSWER-He introduced into metaphysics an important distinction, that between matter and mind