Download Photography Exam Guide: Aperture, Shutter Speed, Depth of Field & More and more Exams Photography in PDF only on Docsity!
Photography New Exam With 100% Verified Solutions
What is an aperture? - ANSWER Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes
What is an f-stop and how is it calculated? - ANSWER f-stop describes the diameter of the aperture.
A smaller f-number corresponds to a larger/wider aperture-that is, more light/ higher exposure-whereas a higher f-number corresponds to a narrower/smaller aperture-less light/less exposure.
Because of the way f-numbers are calculated, a stop doesn't relate to a doubling or halving of the value, but instead to a multiplying or dividing by 1.41 (the square root of 2). For example, going from f/2.8 to f/4 is going down 1 stop because 4 = 2.8 * 1.41. Changing from f/16 to f/11 is an increase of one stop because 11 = 16 / 1.41.
As with shutter speed, most cameras let you control your aperture in 1/3 stop increments.
Know all whole f-stops from f2 to f32 - ANSWER F2, f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22, f
What is depth of field and how does it work? - ANSWER Depth of field is defined as "the zone of acceptable sharpness in front of and behind the subject on which the lens is focused." In other words: how sharp or blurry is the area behind your subject. Here's the equation:
The lower the f/stop — the larger the opening in the lens — the less depth of field — the blurrier the background.
The higher the f/stop — the smaller the opening in the lens — the greater the depth of field — the sharper the background.
What is a shutter? - ANSWER In photography, a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period, exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light in order to capture a permanent image of a scene. The speed of the shutter is controlled by a ring outside the camera, on which various timings are marked.
What is shutter speed and how does it work? - ANSWER he shutter opens to let light through to the film or electronic sensor, and closes again. If you change the length of time the shutter stays open you can considerably change the type of picture you will get.
First, at slow shutter speeds-that is, when the shutter stays open for a longer time-things that are moving will show up blurry in the picture, and the whole picture will be blurry if the camera itself isn't held still. That is because the same object was recorded in several places on the film or sensor, as the object moved across the frame during the time that the shutter was open. Second, the longer the shutter is open, the more light reaches the film/sensor, resulting in a brighter overall image.
Shutter speeds are standardized so that changing the speed will give you either one half or twice as much light (depending on which way you changed it). For example, changing from 1/30 to 1/60 results in half as much light hitting the sensor.
Slow shutter speeds allow more light into the camera sensor and are used for low-light and night photography, while fast shutter speeds help to freeze motion.
Know all whole shutter speeds from 1 second to 1/1000 second - ANSWER 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/
What are the three things that determine depth of field? - ANSWER Aperture - f/stop
Shutter speed
ISO- refers only to the sensitivity of the camera sensor to light.
will be. Doubling or halving your shutter speed produces an increase or decrease of 1 stop of exposure.
For example, going from 1/100 of a second to 1/200 lets in half as much light, so we can say we have reduced the exposure by 1 stop. Another example is going from 1/60 to 1/30, which lets in twice as much light and gives a 1 stop increase in exposure.
What is bracketing? Give an example. - ANSWER bracketing is taking multiple photos of the same subject using different settings for different exposures. Can be thought of as an insurance ensure one properly exposed image
Create a 2/3rd stop bracket based on the cameras light meter reading for each different scene: Normal/correct exposure, 1/3rd stop underexposed, 2/3rd stop underexposed, 1/3rd stop overexposed, 2/3rd stop overexposed (N, -1/3, -2/3, +1/3, +2/3)
What is panning and how does it work? - ANSWER This movement is the same as that of a person when he or she turns his or her head on the neck from left to right. In the resultant image, the view appears to "pass by" the spectator while new material appears on one.
Panning is achieved in photographing a moving subject by keeping him in the same position of the frame from the beginning of the opening of the shutter to its closure. The exposure has to be long enough that the background blurs due to the camera's movement in following the subject in the viewfinder.
The exact length of exposure required will depend on the speed at which the subject is moving, the focal length of the lens and the distance from the subject and background
When should tripod be used? - ANSWER Anything below 1/60 you can't hold it cause your breathing and camera shake
What is the plane of critical focus? - ANSWER Where the subject of the photo is in focus
(pinpoints of focused light, ex: eyelashes)
What is depth of field range and where is it located in relation to the plane of critical focus? - ANSWER DOF range: acceptable focus from subject
1/3 in front of subject
2/3 behind subject
What are circles of confusion? - ANSWER Circles of unfocused light, becomes enhanced with big open aperture
What is ISO? - ANSWER Refers to the camera sensor's sensitivity to light.
What is the difference between ISO 100, 400 and 3200? Know their characteristics - ANSWER LOOK AT YOUR CAMERA!
You are doubling the sensitivity to light with each movement upwards. Otherwise said ISO 200 lets in twice as much light as ISO 100. ISO 6400 also lets in twice as much light as ISO 3200.
You are also increasing what they call noise with high ISO numbers into the quality of your photo's.
ISO speed - the more you increase your camera's ISO, the more digital noise your photos will have, giving them a grainy feel and it reduces the sharpness of your image.
Like everything in photography, adjusting these three settings is a balancing act. You have to decide what kind of effects you want in your shot, and select settings that will give you those effects while minimising the possible downsides.
Why do you sync a flash with shutter speed? - ANSWER Use to make it look "not" like flash
So for cooler- blue or green- light you'll tell the camera to warm things up and in warm light you'll tell it to cool down.
What is the "preset" function for in white balance? - ANSWER Get the colors in your images as accurate as possible and some images have different sources of light have a different color or temperature to them. Fluorescent lighting adds a bluish cast to photos whereas tungsten (incandescent/bulbs) lights add a yellowish tinge to photos.
Different Presets
Auto - this is where the camera makes a best guess on a shot by shot basis. You'll find it works in many situations but it's worth venturing out of it for trickier lighting.
Tungsten - this mode is usually symbolized with a little bulb and is for shooting indoors, especially under tungsten (incandescent) lighting (such as bulb lighting). It generally cools down the colors in photos.
Fluorescent - this compensates for the 'cool' light of fluorescent light and will warm up your shots.
Daylight/Sunny - not all cameras have this setting because it sets things as fairly 'normal' white balance settings.
Cloudy - this setting generally warms things up a touch more than 'daylight' mode.
Flash - the flash of a camera can be quite a cool light so in Flash WB mode you'll find it warms up your shots a touch.
Shade - the light in shade is generally cooler (bluer) than shooting in direct sunlight so this mode will warm things up a little.
Why use RAW when shooting vs. JPEG and TIF? ANSWER Uncompressed file not filtered by camera settings capture more detail and can edit more, more information to work with
Know a different light pattern: Loop, Short, Broad, Rembrandt, Power, Butterfly, and Split ANSWER Loop:
Loop Short :
Loop Broad:
Rembrandt: 1 triangle of light under eye
Power: B shape, two triangles of light
Butterfly:
Split:
What is the difference between Bridge's Camera Raw and Photoshop? - ANSWER Camera Raw wants to protect files as much as possible so compresses them less
Photoshop makes you convert to JPEG to save, distorts, compresses and reprocesses, can't change white balance
Can only keep RAW file in Bridge
Know all the selection tools and how they function - ANSWER
Explain the importance of width, height and resolution. How can the crop tool adversely affect resolution? - ANSWER Resolution = pixels per inch
keep radius at 1 when editing for sharpness
Be able to describe content aware and free transform - ANSWER Content aware: don't want something, lasso tool to select and then shift delete, can also use brush tool
Free transform: can select image, right click and make big, small, skinny, wide, distort
Why do you sharpen RAW images and how much? - ANSWER With specific regard to RAW capture;
Settings in-camera have no effect on the file at all. It's all handled by the RAW conversion software.
