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PHRM 353 - EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Standards of Practice - ANSWER ACPE Standard 4 Personal and Professional Development examine and reflect on self to recognize what enhances and limits personal and professional growth Oath of a Pharmacist lifelong obligation to improve professional knowledge and competence Pharmacist Code of Ethics maintains professional competence Why is there a need for pharmacy leaders? - ANSWER new disciplines are developing healthcare is complex and changing How do pharmacists lead? - ANSWER expand/new practice opportunities interprofessional teams medication delivery systems demonstrating value What are "Big L" leaders? - ANSWER formal leaders positional leadership formal power & authority bestowed through the organization What are "little l" leaders? - ANSWER informal leaders non-positional leadership create and articulate compelling visions for the future to achive success What are duties/goals of a manager? - ANSWER focus on system
how to accomplish vision policy and process creates jobs and fills positions short-range view What are duties/goals of leaders? - ANSWER focus on people determines vision for team inspires and motivates aligns people to mission and vision long-range perspective Characteristics of leaders? - ANSWER passionate honest trustworthy encouraging good listener builds relationships, etc Three theories of leadership/influence - ANSWER trait behavioral situational Behavioral Theory - ANSWER Autocratic Style Bureaucratic Style Delegated Style Transformational Style Autocratic Style - ANSWER have complete power over a process Bureacratic Style - ANSWER achieve position due to conformity and upholding rules
4 domains of EQ - ANSWER emotional awareness, emotional management, social emotional awareness, relationship management What is emotional intelligence? - ANSWER ability to recognize, control and express one's own emotions and to recognize and react appropriately to the emotions of others What is a professional - ANSWER anyone who adheres to the standards of a profession and practices within that profession What is professionalism? - ANSWER complex set of values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors A commitment to the: highest standards of excellence in practice, interest of patients, needs of the community Relationship with the patient built of TRUST Core values (tenets) of professionalism - ANSWER altruism, accountability, excellence, duty, honor and integrity, respect for others Altruism - ANSWER willingness to serve the best interest of the patient regardless of race, religion, gender, or socio-economic status Accountability - ANSWER serving individual patients, society's health needs, and the profession Excellence - ANSWER providing the best care you can, commitment to improvement and life-long learning Duty - ANSWER commitment to serve the patient even when inconvenient Honor and integrity - ANSWER being fair, truthful, keeping commitments, and avoiding conflict of interests Respect for others - ANSWER belief in the value of all human beings Examples of trails of professionalism - ANSWER reliable, empathetic, ehtical, punctual, respectful, active listener, use appropriate body language 4 principles of health care ethics - ANSWER autonomy (person has right to choose), beneficence (choices made with intent to do good), non-maleficence (do no harm), justice
(treat and provide care fairly to all patients) Pharmacist's Fundamental Responsibilites - ANSWER practice with honor and integrity Employment that aligns with goals and values Lifelong learners Educate patient and the public to enhance public health Make decisions and seek resolutions regarding workplace concerns without fear of intimidation or retalition from employer or supervisors Pharmacist's Fundamental Rights - ANSWER Practice pharmacy in best interest of patient and community Exercise professional judgement Treated well by patients and employers Reasonable work enviornment Workplace professionalism - ANSWER job descriptions and duties, policies and procedures Unprofessional conduct - ANSWER Violating federal or state law Fraud Flase claims Failure to repost Diverison Violating privacy
GLAD Technique - ANSWER -Gratitude -One Thing You Learned -One Accomplishment -Something That Brought Delight The Johari Window - ANSWER -a visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others -open, blind, hidden, and unknown Reflective writing should be? - ANSWER purposeful, personal, perceptive, polished Legislative vs Market-driven Reforms - ANSWER -most agree that health care system needs changes but don't agree on how -legislative reform tries to balance cost, quality and access -Market-driven reform is financial driven so control costs and maximize profit History of Health Reform: 1939 - ANSWER physicians start to organize the first Blue Shield plans to cover costs of physician care History of Health Reform: 1983 - ANSWER Medicare introduces Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) as a prospective payment system for hospital payment History of Health Reform: 1965 - ANSWER Medicare and Medicaid programs are signed into law -Medicare A for hospital care
-Medicare B for physician care -Medicaid to assist state in covering care for certain classes of poor and disabled History of Health Reform: 2006 - ANSWER Medicare Part D Drug benefit goes into effect History of Health Reform: 2014 - ANSWER Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act provisions go into place Affordable Care Act Goals - ANSWER -Expand coverage -Control costs -Improve quality/outcomes History of Pharmacy Health Reform - ANSWER North Dakota -Ownership Law 1963 -immunizations: statewide protocol 2022 -Diabetes Education for NDPERS 2008 -Recognized as providers 2016 -Naloxone 2016 -Medicaid MTM -Smoking Cessation 2022 -Comprehensive medicaiton management 2023 Current Health Reform Issues - ANSWER -cost of medications -telehealth
Types of Health Insurers - ANSWER -employer group -medicaid -medicare -non-group/individual -uninsured What is managed care? - ANSWER a system that integrates the financing and delivery of medical care through contracts with selected physicians and hospitals that provide comprehensive health care services to enrolled members for a predetermined monthly premium, moves away from payment for services Managed Care Features - ANSWER -Provider Network: group of providers linked to MCO -For members: preferred networks, cost sharing Formulary - ANSWER List of prescription drugs covered by a prescription drug plan Tiers - ANSWER different levels of coverage for formulary drugs Prior Authorization - ANSWER require plan approval that patient meets criteria for medication to be covered Quantity limits - ANSWER limits on how often and how much of a dose of medication you can receive Step therapy - ANSWER requires attempt at lower-cost/preferred drug first
Cost sharing - ANSWER deductible, copay, coinsurance? What is the role of PBM (Pharmacy Benefit Manager) in Managed Care? - ANSWER coordinate services between insurer and pharmacy to control cost and quality What is the pharmacist role in managed care? - ANSWER -formulary design -specialty pharmacy -clinical programs (ex: DUR) -helps patients navigate their insurance benefits
