Download PHTLS Pre & Post Test (Latest 2023/ 2024) Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
PHTLS Pre & Post Test (Latest 2023/ 2024)
Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A
QUESTION
In the United State, which of the following mechanisms most frequently causes spinal cord injury in adults? A. Shallow water diving B. Vehicle crashes C. Falls D. Pedestrian struck by a vehicle Answer: B. Vehicle crashes
QUESTION
Which of the following presentation indicate spinal cord injury? A. Complete loss of sensory and motor function below the site of injury B. Weakness and parethesia in the upper extremities, but normal function in the lower extremities C. Complete loss of function on one side of the body and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above
QUESTION
Of the following, which is the earliest indication of compartment syndrome? A. Paralysis of the affected muscles B. Loss of pulses C. Loss of feeling in the web space between the thumb and index finger or between the first and second toes D. Tense swelling of the involved area
Answer: D. Tense swelling of the involved area
QUESTION
A traction splint may be used for which of the following injuries? A. Knee dislocation B. Pelvic fractures C. Femur fractures D. All of the above Answer: C. Femur fractures
QUESTION
Which of the following descriptions meets the criteria for transport to a facility with a burn unit? A. A 49 year old female with a partial thickness burn from her elbow to her shoulder B. A 25 year old male with an electrical burn across his chest C. A 9 year old make with superficial burns on the backs of both legs D. A 32 year old female with a partial thickness burn about twice the size of her hand on her back Answer: B. A 25 year old male with an electrical burn across his chest
QUESTION
The preferred method of dressing burns in the prehospital setting is: A. Dry sterile dressing B. Moist sterile dressing C. Wet dressings D. Petroleum gauze
Answer: B. 8T (E-3, V-T, M-4)
QUESTION
The earliest site for intraosseous infusion is: A. Anterior tibia, just above the tibial tuberosity B. Anterior fibula C. Anterior tibia, just below the tibial tuberosity D. Posterior fibula Answer: C. Anterior tibia, just below the tibial tuberosity
QUESTION
Which of the following behaviors is the most reliable indication of confusion in the elderly trauma patient? A. Inability to recall his/her name B. Inability to recall the day of the week C. Inability to identify his/her present location when out of his/her normal residence D. Focus on repeated retelling of events that occurred years ago Answer: A. Inability to recall his/her name
QUESTION
In the elderly trauma patient a high index of suspicion for shock should occur beginning when the systolic blood pressure is less than: A. 90 mmHg B. 150 mmHg C. 120 mmHg D. 100 mmHg
Answer: C. 120 mmHg
QUESTION
In an adult patient, blood loss into the tissue from a fractured femur may be as much as which of the following? A. 150 to 500 mL B. 500 to 1000 mL C. 1000 2000 mL D. 2500 to 5000 mL Answer: C. 1000 2000 mL
QUESTION
Delayed death due to trauma is usually a result of: A. Biochemical and pathophysiological effects of inadequate initial resuscitation B. Acute circulatory failure C. Brain injury D. Acute hypoxia Answer: A. Biochemical and pathophysiological effects of inadequate initial resuscitation
QUESTION
A regional resource center with a full spectrum of trauma services from prevention to rehabilitation which serves as the leader in trauma care for a geographical region is a: A. Level IV trauma center B. Level III trauma center C. Level II trauma center D. Level I trauma center Answer:
QUESTION
Which of the following is the foundation of effective trauma care? A. Protocols permitting invasive airway procedures B. The ability to administer large amounts of crystalloid fluids C. The ability to quickly locate and manage life-threatening and potentially life-threatening injuries D. Effective spinal immobilization skills Answer: C. The ability to quickly locate and manage life-threatening and potentially life-threatening injuries
QUESTION
You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle collision in which a vehicle struck a tree. Which is the best indicator of potential injury? A. Circumference of the vehicle B. Diameter of the tree C. Mass of the vehicle D. Speed of the vehicle Answer: D. Speed of the vehicle
QUESTION
The potential for death or serious injury is greatest in which of the following motor vehicle collisions? A) Down and under B) Ejection from vehicle C) Lateral compression D) Up and over Answer: B) Ejection from vehicle
QUESTION
Bilateral femur fractures are most often associated with which type of motorcycle crash? A) Angular impact B) Bike-road impact C) Head-on impact D) Rear impact Answer: C) Head-on impact
QUESTION
Which is the preferred fluid for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in the prehospital setting? A) 5% dextrose in water B) 7.5% hypertonic saline C) Hetastarch D) Lactated Ringer's Answer: D) Lactated Ringer's
QUESTION
Which is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction in the trauma patient? A) Blood B) Teeth C) Tongue D) Vomitus Answer: C) Tongue
QUESTION
Your patient is a middle aged male who crashed his motorcycle. He is unresponsive. After opening the airway using a modified jaw thrust, you note the patient has respirations at a rate of
- Auscultation reveals breath sounds are absent on the left side. Which of the following is the most appropriate next intervention? A) Apply a non-rebreather mask B) Begin ventilation with a BVM C) Insert an endotracheal tube D) Perform a needle decompression Answer: B) Begin ventilation with a BVM
QUESTION
Which best describes shock? A) Decreased Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) B) Flushed, dry, hot skin combined with bradycardia C) Generalized inadequate tissue perfusion D) Low blood pressure combined with tachycardia Answer: C) Generalized inadequate tissue perfusion
QUESTION
Your patient has a deep laceration to his antecubital fossa with significant bleeding. What is the most appropriate initial action? A) Apply a tourniquet B) Apply direct pressure C) Initiate rapid transport D) Restore blood volume Answer: B) Apply direct pressure
QUESTION
Hypotension of unknown etiology in a trauma patient should be assumed to result from which of the following? A) Blood loss B) Cardiac tamponade C) Spinal injury D) Tension pneumothorax Answer: A) Blood loss
QUESTION
Which assessment is most beneficial in differentiating hemorrhagic shock from neurogenic shock in the prehospital setting? A) Abdomen B) Blood pressure C) Neurologic status D) Skin Answer: D) Skin
QUESTION
The body initially compensates for blood loss through activation of which of the following? A) Parasympathetic nervous system B) Reticular activating system C) Spinal reflex arcs D) Sympathetic nervous system Answer: D) Sympathetic nervous system
QUESTION
QUESTION
Deterioration of ventilation and oxygenation after inflation of a PASG in a patient who has sustained a high-pressure compression injury of the abdomen, such as a sudden deceleration with the lap belt placed across the abdomen, most likely represents which of the following injuries? A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Ruptured diaphragm C. Ruptured esophagus D. "Paper bag" syndrome of the lungs Answer: B. Ruptured diaphragm
QUESTION
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Fick Principle? A. Adequate number of platelets in the blood B. Oxygenation of red blood cells C. Transportation of red blood cells to the tissues of the body D. Off-loading oxygen from the red blood cells to the tissues Answer: A. Adequate number of platelets in the blood
QUESTION
One of the earliest signs of hypovolemic shock is: A. Hypotension B. Bradycardia C. Anxiety D. Reduced urine output Answer: C. Anxiety
QUESTION
Which of the following characterizes the washout phase of shock? A. Systemic acidosis B. Localized tissue acidosis C. Edema D. Reduced capillary blood flow Answer: A. Systemic acidosis
QUESTION
A trauma patient who has fallen 20 feet from an apartment balcony is alert with warm, dry, pink skin, with normal capillary refilling time to the lower extremities, and is hypotensive. The upper extremities are cool, pale and diaphoretic. Which of the following injuries should be suspected? A. Aortic dissection B. Liver laceration C. Fractured pelvis D. Spinal cord injury Answer: D. Spinal cord injury
QUESTION
Which of the following is a limitation of prehospital fluid resuscitation of the patient in hemorrhagic shock? A. Inability of fluids to carry oxygen B. Pulmonary edema C. Increased hemorrhage D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above
QUESTION
Survival of the fetus in a trauma situation is most dependent upon which of the following factors? A. Gestational age of the fetus B. Prenatal care C. Immediate cesarean section D. Good resuscitation of the mother Answer: D. Good resuscitation of the mother
QUESTION
A patient struck in the back of the head with a baseball bat may sustain a cerebral contusion to which area of the brain? A. Frontal and occipital B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Frontal Answer: B. Occipital (probably too low velocity for Coup & Contre Coup)
QUESTION
In the context of the caring for an adult patient with traumatic brain injury who is deteriorating and exhibiting signs of herniation, hyperventilation means ventilating with a BVM and 100% oxygen at a rate of: A. 12 to 16 per minute B. 32 to 40 per minute C. 8 to 12 per minute D. 20 per minute Answer: D. 20
QUESTION
Medication used by trauma patients for pre-existing conditions may cause which of the following? A) Herbal preparations may enhance blood clotting B) Anti-inflammatory agents may enhance blood clotting C) Beta blockers may prevent tachycardia with blood loss D) Calcium channel blockers may slow the onset of shock Answer: C) Beta blockers may prevent tachycardia with blood loss
QUESTION
The target blood pressure for a trauma patient with suspected intraabdominal hemorrhage is which of the following? A) 60 - 70mm Hg B) 80 - 90 mm Hg C) 100 - 110 mm Hg D) 120 - 130 mm Hg Answer: B) 80 - 90 mm Hg
QUESTION
Which best explains the mechanism by which gas exchange is impaired in pulmonary contusion? A) Blood in the alveoli B) Collapse of the alveoli C) Compression of the lung tissue D) Partial occlusion of the bronchi Answer: A) Blood in the alveoli
Answer: D) 90 mm Hg.
QUESTION
Which of the following is the preferred prehospital wound management for a patient with a 36% body surface area flame burn? A) Cool moist dressings B) Dry sterile dressings C) Elastic bandages D) Topical ointments Answer: B) Dry sterile dressings
QUESTION
The most immediate life threatening condition resulting from injury to solid abdominal organs is which of the following? A) Acute respiratory failure B) Hemorrhage. C) Multiple organ failure. D) Peritonitis Answer: B) Hemorrhage.
QUESTION
An adult male sustained a deep laceration to his distal thigh. Bright red blood is spurting from the wound. Direct pressure is not controlling the bleeding. What is the most appropriate next step? A) Apply a topical hemostatic agent and transport B) Apply a tourniquet and tighten it until bleeding stops C) Elevate the leg and apply pressure to the femoral artery
D) Maintain direct pressure and transport immediately Answer: B) Apply a tourniquet and tighten it until bleeding stops
QUESTION
An 18-year-old female was struck by a car and has sustained an apparent left femur fracture. Communication with her is hampered because she only speaks a foreign language. Which finding, by itself, does not mandate immobilization of the cervical spine? A) Fracture of the femur B) Inability to communicate C) Mechanism of injury D) Tenderness over the cervical spine Answer: C) Mechanism of injury
QUESTION
During the primary survey of a trauma patient, you note that the patient is agitated and confused, and has multiple injuries from an altercation. Which of the following choices is the most appropriate first treatment priority? A) Blood glucose determination B) Correction of possible hypoxia C) Full immobilization to a backboard D) Obtain intravenous access Answer: B) Correction of possible hypoxia
QUESTION
The displacement of tissue away from the path of a projectile, both temporarily and permanently, is known as:
