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Phylum of biology animals kingdoms
Typology: Cheat Sheet
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Phylum Arthropoda
Champions of variations in appendages
Exoskeleton (outside skeleton) made of chitin and protein
First phylum to venture into the air
Pioneered jointed legs
More species than any other phylum
Complete digestive tract with two ends
Bilateral phylum that added segmentation
Phylum Mollusca
Feeding device like a toothed, rasping tongue (radula)
Most have a calcium-carbonate shell
Muscular “foot” used to slide, dig, or jump
Some propel, using their siphon as a water jet
Mantle of tissue covering the body
Complete digestive tract with two ends
Phylum Echinodermata
Five-part radial symmetry
Tube feet used for locomotion
Some spines are little pincers (pedicellaria)
Hard but flexible bodies with interlocking plates under thin skin
All members live in the ocean
Complete digestive tract with two ends
Phylum Chordata
All have notochord; most have backbone
Increased complexity made possible by much more DNA
Most have inside skeleton of bones
Phylum to which humans belong
Jaws and skulls important in their evolution
Complete digestive tract with two ends
Bilateral phylum that added segmentation
Phylum Porifera
No symmetry or consistent body shape
Water flows through its body, full of canals
Spicules act as a skeleton to give it structure
No locomotion; stationary animal
Specialized cells, but not organized into organs or tissues
Phylum Cnidaria
First muscles and nerves
Some have stinging structures (nematocysts)
Some free-drifting medusae
Some non-swimming polyps
Hollow body cavity for food
Digestive tract with the entrance being the exit
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Some of the simplest animals with bilateral symmetry
Tubular mouth (pharynx) at mid-body
Three tissue layers, but no body cavity
Digestive tract with the entrance being the exit
Most members are parasitic
Phylum Annelida
Bilateral phylum that added segmentation
Complete digestive tract with two ends
Fluid-filled compartments used for locomotion
Their active burrowing has affected global climate
Body design basically a tube within a tube
A c t i v i t i e s
P A G E 24
S P O N G E S C N I DA R I A N S F L AT WO R M S A N N E L I D S
A RT H RO P O D S M O L L U S C S E C H I N O D E R M S C H O R DAT E S