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Formula sheet with constant and conversion factors, unit symbol prefixes, mechanics, electricity and magnetism, waves and optics.
Typology: Cheat Sheet
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Proton mass, mp = 1.67 ¥ 10 -^27 kg
Neutron mass, mn = 1.67 ¥ 10 -^27 kg
Electron mass, me = 9.11 ¥ 10 -^31 kg
Avogadro’s number, N 0 (^) = 6.02 ¥ 10 23 mol-
Universal gas constant, R^ =^ 8.31 J (mol K)i
Boltzmann’s constant, (^) kB = 1.38 ¥ 10 -^23 J K
Electron charge magnitude, e = 1.60 ¥ 10 -^19 C
1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1.60 ¥ 10 -^19 J Speed of light, (^) c = 3.00 ¥ 10 8 m s Universal gravitational constant, G = 6.67 ¥ 10 -^11 m 3 kg si^2 Acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface, g =9.8 m s^2
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u = 1.66 ¥ 10 -^27 kg =931 MeV c^2 Planck’s constant, (^) h = 6.63 ¥ 10 -^34 J si = 4.14 ¥ 10 - 15 eV s hc = 1.99 ¥ 10 -^25 J mi = 1.24 ¥ 103 eV nm Vacuum permittivity, e 0 (^) = 8.85 ¥ 10 -^12 C^2 N mi^2
Coulomb’s law constant, k = 1 4 pe 0 = 9.0 ¥ 10 9 N mi 2 C
Vacuum permeability, m 0 (^) = 4 p ¥ 10 -^7 (T m)i A
Magnetic constant, k ¢ = m 0 (^) 4 p = 1 ¥ 10 -^7 (T m)i 1 atmosphere pressure, (^) 1 atm = 1.0 ¥ 10 5 N m 2 = 1.0 ¥ 10 5 Pa
meter, m kilogram, kg second, s ampere, A kelvin, K
mole, mol hertz, Hz newton, N pascal, Pa joule, J
watt, W coulomb, C volt, V ohm, henry, H
farad, F tesla, T degree Celsius, ∞C W electron volt, eV
2
i i
Factor Prefix Symbol 1012 tera^ T 10 9 giga^ G 10 6 mega^ M 10 3 kilo^ k 10 -^2 centi^ c 10 -^3 milli^ m 10 -^6 micro^ m 10 -^9 nano^ n 10 -^12 pico^ p
q (^) 0 D 30 D 37 D 45 D^53 D 60 D^90 D
sin q 0 1 2^ 3 5^ 2 2 4 5^ 3 2 1
cos q 1 3 2 4 5^ 2 2 3 5 1 2 0
The following conventions are used in this exam. I. The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless otherwise stated. II. In all situations, positive work is defined as work done on a system. III. The direction of current is conventional current: the direction in which positive charge would drift. IV. Assume all batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated. V. Assume edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor unless otherwise stated. VI. For any isolated electrically charged object, the electric potential is defined as zero at infinite distance from the charged object.
Ãx = Ãx 0 + a tx
x = x 0 + Ãx 0 t + a t^2 2
x
a F F^ net m m
2 a c (^) r =^ Ã
p = mv
D p = F D t
K = mv
D E = W = F d = Fd cos q
t
2 0 0
q = q + w t + at
w = w 0 (^) + at
i i cm i
m x x m
net I I
t t
t = r F ^ = rF sin q
L = Iw
D L = t D t
(^12) 2
K = Iw
a = acceleration A = amplitude d = distance E = energy F = force f = frequency I = rotational inertia K = kinetic energy k = spring constant L = angular momentum = length m = mass P = power p = momentum r = radius or separation T = period t = time U = potential energy v = speed W = work done on a system x = position y = height a = angular acceleration m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque w = angular speed
(^12) s 2 U = kx
D U (^) g = mg D y
f
p w
Ts 2 m k
= p
Tp 2 g
= p
1 2 g 2
m m F G r
g F^ g m
1 2 G
Gm m U r
1 2 0 2
q q F pe r
q
0 2
q E pe r
D U (^) E = q D V
0
q V pe r
r
0
d
= ke
0
e A
t
r =
P = I D V
I V R
s i
R (^) p (^) i Ri
p i
C s (^) i
C i
0 2
r
m p
A = area B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field
F = force I = current = length P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = separation t = time U = potential (stored) energy V = electric potential v = speed k = dielectric constant r = resistivity q = angle F = flux
F M = qv ¥ B
B t