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Physic b formula sheet, Cheat Sheet of Physics

Formula sheet with constant and conversion factors, unit symbol prefixes, mechanics, electricity and magnetism, waves and optics.

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2021/2022

Uploaded on 02/07/2022

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ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS 2 EQUATIONS, EFFECTIVE 2015
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, 27
1.67 10 kg
p
m-
Neutron mass, 27
1.67 10 kg
n
m-
Electron mass, 31
9.11 10 kg
e
m-
Avogadro’s number, 23 -1
06.02 10 molN
Universal gas constant, 8.31 J (mol K)R=i
Boltzmann’s constant, 23
1.38 10 J K
B
k-
Electron charge magnitude, 19
1.60 10 Ce-
1 electron volt, 19
1 eV 1.60 10 J
-
Speed of light, 8
3.00 10 m sc
Universal gravitational
constant, 11 3 2
6.67 10 m kg sG-
i
Acceleration due to gravity
at Earth’s surface, 2
9.8 m sg=
1 unified atomic mass unit, 27 2
1 u 1.66 10 kg 931 MeV c
-
=
-
Planck’s constant, 34 15
6.63 10 J s 4.14 10 eV sh-
i
25 3
1.99 10 J m 1.24 10 eV nmhc -
i
Vacuum permittivity, 12 2 2
08.85 10 C N me-
i
Coulomb’s law constant, 92
0
14 9.0 10 Nm Ckpe==¥i
A
Vacuum permeability, 7
0410 (Tm)mp-
i
Magnetic constant, 7
04110 (Tm)kmp -
==¥
¢i
5
1 atmosphere pressure, 52
1 atm 1.0 10 N m 1.0 10 Pa
UNIT
SYMBOLS
meter, m
kilogram, kg
second, s
ampere, A
kelvin, K
mole, mol
hertz, Hz
newton, N
pascal, Pa
joule, J
watt, W
coulomb, C
volt, V
ohm,
henry, H
farad, F
tesla, T
degree Celsius, C
Welectron volt, eV
2
A
i
i
PREFIXES
Factor Prefix Symbol
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106mega M
103 kilo k
10-2centi c
10-3milli m
10-6micro m
10-9nano n
10-12 pico p
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES
q
0
30
37 45
53 6090
sinq0 12 35
22 45
32 1
cosq1 32 45
22 35 12 0
tanq0 33
34 1 43 3
The following conventions are used in this exam.
I. The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless
otherwise stated.
II. In all situations, positive work is defined as work done on a system.
III. The direction of current is conventional current: the direction in which
positive charge would drift.
IV. Assume all batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
V. Assume edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor
unless otherwise stated.
VI. For any isolated electrically charged object, the electric potential is
defined as zero at infinite distance from the charged object.
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CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, mp = 1.67 ¥ 10 -^27 kg

Neutron mass, mn = 1.67 ¥ 10 -^27 kg

Electron mass, me = 9.11 ¥ 10 -^31 kg

Avogadro’s number, N 0 (^) = 6.02 ¥ 10 23 mol-

Universal gas constant, R^ =^ 8.31 J (mol K)i

Boltzmann’s constant, (^) kB = 1.38 ¥ 10 -^23 J K

Electron charge magnitude, e = 1.60 ¥ 10 -^19 C

1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1.60 ¥ 10 -^19 J Speed of light, (^) c = 3.00 ¥ 10 8 m s Universal gravitational constant, G = 6.67 ¥ 10 -^11 m 3 kg si^2 Acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface, g =9.8 m s^2

1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u = 1.66 ¥ 10 -^27 kg =931 MeV c^2 Planck’s constant, (^) h = 6.63 ¥ 10 -^34 J si = 4.14 ¥ 10 - 15 eV s hc = 1.99 ¥ 10 -^25 J mi = 1.24 ¥ 103 eV nm Vacuum permittivity, e 0 (^) = 8.85 ¥ 10 -^12 C^2 N mi^2

Coulomb’s law constant, k = 1 4 pe 0 = 9.0 ¥ 10 9 N mi 2 C

Vacuum permeability, m 0 (^) = 4 p ¥ 10 -^7 (T m)i A

Magnetic constant, k ¢ = m 0 (^) 4 p = 1 ¥ 10 -^7 (T m)i 1 atmosphere pressure, (^) 1 atm = 1.0 ¥ 10 5 N m 2 = 1.0 ¥ 10 5 Pa

UNIT

SYMBOLS

meter, m kilogram, kg second, s ampere, A kelvin, K

mole, mol hertz, Hz newton, N pascal, Pa joule, J

watt, W coulomb, C volt, V ohm, henry, H

farad, F tesla, T degree Celsius, ∞C W electron volt, eV

2

A

i i

PREFIXES

Factor Prefix Symbol 1012 tera^ T 10 9 giga^ G 10 6 mega^ M 10 3 kilo^ k 10 -^2 centi^ c 10 -^3 milli^ m 10 -^6 micro^ m 10 -^9 nano^ n 10 -^12 pico^ p

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

q (^) 0 D 30 D 37 D 45 D^53 D 60 D^90 D

sin q 0 1 2^ 3 5^ 2 2 4 5^ 3 2 1

cos q 1 3 2 4 5^ 2 2 3 5 1 2 0

tan q 0 3 3 3 4^1 4 3 3 •

The following conventions are used in this exam. I. The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless otherwise stated. II. In all situations, positive work is defined as work done on a system. III. The direction of current is conventional current: the direction in which positive charge would drift. IV. Assume all batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated. V. Assume edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor unless otherwise stated. VI. For any isolated electrically charged object, the electric potential is defined as zero at infinite distance from the charged object.

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Ãx = Ãx 0 + a tx

x = x 0 + Ãx 0 t + a t^2 2

x

Ãx^2^ = Ã^2 x 0 + 2 ax ( x - x 0 )

a F F^ net m m

= Â =

F f £ mFn

2 a c (^) r =^ Ã

p = mv

D p = F D t

K = mv

D E = W = F d  = Fd cos q

P E

t

D

D

2 0 0

q = q + w t + at

w = w 0 (^) + at

x = A cos ( wt ) = A cos 2 ( pft )

i i cm i

m x x m

= Â

Â

net I I

t t

a = Â =

t = r F ^ = rF sin q

L = Iw

D L = t D t

(^12) 2

K = Iw

F s = k x

a = acceleration A = amplitude d = distance E = energy F = force f = frequency I = rotational inertia K = kinetic energy k = spring constant L = angular momentum  = length m = mass P = power p = momentum r = radius or separation T = period t = time U = potential energy v = speed W = work done on a system x = position y = height a = angular acceleration m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque w = angular speed

(^12) s 2 U = kx

D U (^) g = mg D y

T^2

f

p w

Ts 2 m k

= p

Tp 2 g

= p

1 2 g 2

m m F G r

g F^ g m

1 2 G

Gm m U r

1 2 0 2

E 4

q q F pe r

E F^ E

q

0 2

q E pe r

D U (^) E = q D V

0

q V pe r

E V

r

D

D

Q

V

C

D =

0

C A

d

= ke

0

E Q

e A

C 2 2

U = Q D V = C D V )

I Q

t

D

D

R

A

r = 

P = I D V

I V R

=^ D

s i

R = Â Ri

R (^) p (^) i Ri

= Â

p i

C = Â C i

C s (^) i

= Â 1

C i

0 2

B I

r

m p

A = area B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field

e = emf

F = force I = current  = length P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = separation t = time U = potential (stored) energy V = electric potential v = speed k = dielectric constant r = resistivity q = angle F = flux

F M = qv ¥ B

FM = qv sin q

B

F M = I ¥ B

FM = I sin q B

F B = B A 

F B = B cos qA

B t

e

DF

D

e = B v 