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Projectile Motion Lab: Exploring Kinematics and Air Resistance in AP Physics B, Thesis of Mathematical Physics

This lab guide provides a comprehensive exploration of projectile motion using the phet projectile motion simulation. Students will investigate key concepts like initial velocity, launch angle, air time, maximum height, and range. The lab includes a series of guided questions and experiments designed to deepen understanding of projectile motion principles and the impact of air resistance on projectile trajectories.

Typology: Thesis

2022/2023

Uploaded on 01/28/2025

kendall-schuerg
kendall-schuerg 🇺🇸

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AP Physics B Name__________________________________
PhET Projectile Motion Lab
Google “PhET Projectile”, it will be the first hit
(if you NEED a URL, it’s http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/projectile-motion)
Then click the button beneath the picture. Take a
few minutes to familiarize yourself with the simulation and
shoot stuff with the cannon. Once you’ve somewhat satisfied
your primal desires to shoot things, follow along with the
questions below. Use complete sentences, yo.
1. Look at the “height” box at the top. What kinematics term
does it actually stand for, and what point is it relative to?
(hint: shoot the cannon once and watch the number closely). Explain your reasoning.
2. Fire the projectile launcher straight upwards (angle = 90o) at 18 m/s. Using kinematics, determine:
a) the time it should take the projectile to reach maximum height
b) the maximum height reached by the projectile
c) Now, using the measuring tape, measure the actual height reached by the projectile (remember to measure
from the little plus sign at the base of the cannon). Was your answer to (b) the same as this measurement?
If it wasn’t, check your math over and find your mistake.
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AP Physics B Name__________________________________

PhET Projectile Motion Lab

Google “PhET Projectile”, it will be the first hit

(if you NEED a URL, it’s http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/projectile-motion)

Then click the button beneath the picture. Take a

few minutes to familiarize yourself with the simulation and

shoot stuff with the cannon. Once you’ve somewhat satisfied

your primal desires to shoot things, follow along with the

questions below. Use complete sentences, yo.

1. Look at the “height” box at the top. What kinematics term does it actually stand for, and what point is it relative to? (hint: shoot the cannon once and watch the number closely). Explain your reasoning. 2. Fire the projectile launcher straight upwards (angle = 90o) at 18 m/s. Using kinematics, determine: a) the time it should take the projectile to reach maximum height b) the maximum height reached by the projectile c) Now, using the measuring tape, measure the actual height reached by the projectile (remember to measure from the little plus sign at the base of the cannon). Was your answer to (b) the same as this measurement? If it wasn’t, check your math over and find your mistake.

3. Pick any initial speed and launch angle, and try out firing all the different objects (golfball -> Buick). How does the mass of an object affect its motion through the air? 4. You are now going to investigate the effect of launch angle on several different parameters; air time, maximum height, and range. a) Fire the projectile launcher at the following angles (with the same initial speed of 18 m/s), then fill in the table below. You will need to use the measuring tape to measure the maximum height and the range. Angle Initial Speed (m/s) Air Time (s) Maximum Height (m) Range (m) 10 o 18 20 o 18 30 o 18 40 o 18 50 o^18 60 o 18 70 o 18 80 o 18 90 o 18 b) What is the best angle for maximum height and air time? Explain why this is so. c) Is there a direct relationship between air time and range? Explain why or why not. This is an important question, make sure to give it some serious thought. d) Which of your angles above gave the most range? Explain why you think this is so. e) Rank your angles above from smallest to largest x -component of their velocities. Is there a direct relationship between the x -velocity of a projectile and its range? Explain why or why not.

6. Reset the cannon back to the ground. This time, check the box. You can leave the drag coefficient and altitude at 1 and 0 where they are by default. Keep the red target on the x -axis as it was before. Start with the tankshell as your projectile. a) What effect does the mass of an object have on the maximum height and range when air resistance is turned on? Explain. b) What is the best angle for maximum range for the tankshell at an initial speed of 18 m/s when air resistance is turned on? Is this result different than when there was zero air resistance? Explain your results. c) Find the best angle for maximum range when dy = 0 (when the object hits your target) with four different objects. Record this information in the table below: Object Mass (kg) Angle for maximum range d) Is the angle for maximum range dependent on the mass of an object when air resistance is turned on? e) The fastest average drive speed in golf is held by Bubba Watson, coming in at 88.2 m/s (194 mi/h). Keep air resistance turned on, and switch your object to the golf ball. Using this simulator, decide which golf iron Bubba would get the most range with. There is a table below showing various parameters of each golf club. The “Loft” of a club is basically its launch angle.

7. Challenge time: hit the target. Make sure to turn air resistance off again, then raise the cannon to a certain height above the ground, and raise the target to a different height. Make sure that the target is reasonably far away from the cannon (in the x -direction). Record these heights below:

Height of cannon = _______ m

Height of target = _______ m

a) Set your initial speed to 18 m/s. Using kinematics equations and your brain, determine a way to find the angle that will cause your projectile launcher to hit the target. (Hint: the initial velocity vector’s x and y components can be written as visin θ and vicos θ, respectively. This will make it possible to solve algebraically for θ. Don’t use guess and check) b) Now, set your angle to 60o, and find what initial speed you need to fire the cannon at in order to hit your target. Use the same hint from part (a) here.