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PHYSICS FORMULA SHEET
Vectors are indicated by arrows. If only the magnitude of a vector quantity is used, the arrow is not used.
Symbols of common quantities
acceleration a G force
G
F magnetic flux^ Φ time^ t charge q frequency f mass m velocity
G
v displacement G s kinetic energy EK momentum
G
p wavelength electric current I length l period T electromotive force emf magnetic field
G
B potential difference Δ V
Magnitude of physical constants
acceleration due to gravity at the Earth’s surface g 9.80 m s
- 2 Planck’s constant
charge of the electron
mass of the electron
mass of the proton
mass of Earth
mean radius of Earth
h 6.63 10 –^34 J s
e 1.60 10 –^19 C
m e 9.11 10 –^31 kg
m p 1.67 10 –^27 kg
5.97 1024 kg
6.37 106 m
constant of universal
gravitation G 6.67^ ^10
- (^11) N m (^2) kg – 2
speed of light in a vacuum c 3.00 108 m s –^1
Coulomb’s Law constant 1 4 SH (^0)
9.00 109 N m^2 C –^2
constant for the magnetic field around a conductor
P S
0 2
2.00 10 –^7 T m A –^1
Topic 1: Motion and relativity
v^ G^ = v G^ + at G 0
G
v velocity at time^ t^ v r T
G^ =^2 S
v 0 velocity at time 0 G G G s = v t 0 +^12 at^2 G^
G
g
F
m
g^ Ggravitational field strength
v^2 = v (^) 02 + 2 as F^ G
m m r
= (^1 2 2) r distance between masses m 1 and m 2
v (^) H = v cos T vV v sin T angle to horizontal (^) v = GMr M mass of object orbited by satellite r radius of orbit
E (^) K mv ^ T GM
(^2) r
4 S^2
G
G
a v t
' '
J
2 2
v c
Lorentz factor
G G
F = ma t^^ J^ t 0 t^0 time interval in the moving frame ofreference
G G F p t
=^ '
'
l l 0 J
l 0 length in the moving object’s frame of reference
p^ G^ = mv G p^^ J^ m v 0 m^0 mass in the frame of referencewhere the object is stationary
a = vr
2 r radius of circle
This formula sheet will be provided in Physics examinations from November 2019.
Topic 2: Electricity and magnetism
F q q r
1 2 SH^2
r distance between charges q 1 and q 2 F = qvB sin T T^ =^ angle between field^ and velocity
G
v G^ B
G G E = Fq
G
E electric field r^
mv qB = (^) r radius of circle
E q r
4 SH 0 (^) 2 r distance from charge^ T m qB
= 2 S
W = q V ' (^) W work done E q B r K m
2 2 2 2
r radius at which ions emerge from cyclotron
E V d =^ '^ d distance betweenparallel plates )^ BA A^ A ^ area perpendicular to themagnetic field
G
JG
a qE m
emf t
' '
B I
r
P S
0 2 r distance from conductor emf^ t
1' '
N number of conducting loops
F IlB VLQ T T^ =^ angle between field^ and
G
B
current element Il
G
V
V
N
N
p s
p s
V potential difference in transformer coils
Topic 3: Light and atoms
v f O W^ =^ hf 0
W work function of the metal f 0 threshold frequency
d sin m
d distance between slits angular position of m th maximum m integer ( 0 , 1 , 2 , …)
E (^) K (^) max eVs
E (^) K (^) maxmaximum kinetic energy of electrons Vs stopping voltage
' y L d
O '^ y distance between adjacentminima or maxima L slit-to-screen distance
E (^) K (^) max hf W
E hf E energy of photon f^ e V max (^) h =^ '^ ' V^ potential difference acrossthe X-ray tube
p = h O
E ' mc 2 E energy
Table of prefixes Prefix Symbol Value tera T 1012 giga G 10 9 mega (^) M 10 6 kilo k 103 centi c 10 ^2 milli (^) m 10 ^3 micro 10 ^6 nano (^) n 10 ^9 pico p 10 ^12 femto f 10 ^15
Quarks Quark Symbol (^) Charge ( e ) Up u 2 3 Down (^) d –^1 Strange (^) s –^1 Charm (^) c 2 3 Top (^) t 2 3 Bottom b –^1
