Phytopathological Classics: Classical work of Adolf Mayer, Dmitrii Ivanowski, Martinus Bei, Slides of Plant pathology

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Presented by

Lt. Deore P.B.

Reg. No. 2018A/15P

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, VNMKV, PARBHANI 431 402 (M.S.)

Phytopathological classics  Reprints of outstanding research papers published in non English journals  Have been translated in English  Published by American Phytopathological Society  15 in Number  Not available in most of the Libraries of the world 

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Phytopathological Classics: Classical work of Adolf Mayer, Dmitrii Ivanowski, Martinus Beijerinck and Erwin Baur on Plant Virology Earliest Record of Plant Virus Yellow Vein Net Disease of Eupatorium was described in a Japanese poem, written in the eighth century (Saunders et al., 2003)

Adolf Mayer

 Born: Sept. 8, 1843 in Oldenburg, Germany

 Scientific training at Univ. of Heidelberg, Ghent, & Halle

 Lecturer at Heidelberg

 Professor (1875)

 Field: chemical technology

 Professional chemist

 Director of Agril. Experiment Station at Wageningen

 Returned to Heidelberg University as a Professor

political economy, write drama, poetry & prose

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco Adolf Mayer 1886 entitled "Ueber die Mosaikkrankheit des Tabaks," (first published in Dutch in 1885)  Netherlands  Tobacco disease prevailing form many years  Disease not subject of investigation as yet,  Scientific treatment of technical questions  Had not yet taken a firm root in Holland

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco Manifestations of this disease:  Mosaic-like coloring 3 - 5 weeks after transplanting.  Thickness in darker colored spots.  Thicker places growing more vigorously  Results in manifold & irregular distortions  Finally, lighter & thinner parts died prematurely  Spotting appeared in fully ripe leaves not detrimental to value of product.

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco Disadvantages of disease:  Retardation of growth  Decreased in yield.  Curling of leaves Useless for manufacture of cigars  Brittleness of leaves.  Insufficient ripening  Poor burn  Harmful to aroma

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco Regional names to disease:  Rhenen & Amerongen: bunt (bont) first stage of spotting  Southern Germany: rust (roest) later stage of yellow colored spots  Popular name with grower: Smut Mayer:  None of these expressions seemed very desirable for general usage  In order to prevent confusion he suggested an international name “mosaic disease of tobacco”  First time used term “mosaic” to give a fair picture at least of first apparent stage of disease.  To find out cause of disease took opinions of farmers & found specific favorite theories

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco Comparative analyses of tobacco soils from Rhenen Reaction Tobacco diseased Only little diseased 1 2 3 4 Weak % Acid % Weak % Acid % Loss of ignition 2.9 7.3 3.0 5. Silicic acid 0.15 0.13 0.17 0. Aluminum & iron 1.34 1.11 1.55 0. Lime 0.14 0.08 0.21 0. Magnesium 0.09 0.01 0.11 0. Potassium 0.14 0.07 0.11 0. Sodium 0.05 0.22 0.05 0. Sulphuric acid 0.02 0.02 0.02 0. Phosphoric acid 0.23 o. 12 0.25 o. 10 Chlorine 0.03 0.01 0.02 ----

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco

 From this collection of various experiences he

concluded that

 This malady cannot be a mere nutritional disease

 He also noted sporadic appearance of disease in

uniformly fertilized soils

 For support of this statement he gave data of

extensive soil chemical analyses of two tobacco-

diseased soils determined by Dr. Pitsch.

No. 3 No. 4 per cent per cent Decantable part 19.0 not determined, but very similar to No. 3 Loss on ignition 4. Water-holding capacity in per cent. vol. 36. Apparent weight 1.31 1. Content of alkali-soluble organic matter 2.6 2. Content of phosphoric acid 0.37 0. Content of phosphoric acid in alkali- soluble organic matter

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco  As a result of communications from Herr Versteegh in Amerongen his attention was directed to growth conditions in hot beds (small houses)  Plant developed entirely normally  None of modifications employed in regulation of hot beds had caused mosaic disease  Other experiment in which planting was purposely so done that roots of young plants were variously bent or injured, as happen in careless transplanting  Proved fairly harmless  Not influence on production of disease

Concerning mosaic disease of tobacco  Sudden transition in temperature & transpiration experiment o Answered in negative o Proved detrimental to growth of plants o But disease was not caused by this o Plants standing too close together in hot bed later acquired disease was also investigated & disproved.  Ryks landbouw school foreign tobacco varieties were planted  All foreign varieties of tobacco were entirely free from disease