Pidgins and Creoles - Sociolinguistics - Lecture Slides, Slides of Sociolinguistics

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Pidgins & Creoles, and

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Outcomes of Language Contact ^

Language Death: no native speakers ^

Language Shift: One language replaces another ^

Language Maintenance: A relatively stable bi-/multilingual society ^

Pidgin: a rudimentary system of communication ^

Creole: creation of a new language based onpidgins or languages in contact ^

Lingua Franca ^

Global Languages

1. Pidgins & Creoles: Introduction

Pidgins and Creoles

Language varieties developed by speakers incontact who share no common language. ^

Pidgin^ 

Limited functions of use  Adjunct language (no one speaks only a pidgin)  Linguistically simplified  Develop their own rules and norms of usage Examples^ 

West African Pidgin English  Chinook Jargon, Native American, British, &French traders in the Pacific Northwest, 19th c.  Solomon Island Pidgin, Solomon Islands

Creole Languages (82) AFRO-SEMINOLE CREOLE USAAMAPA CREOLE BrazilANGOLAR São Tomé e PríncipeARABIC, BABALIA CREOLE ChadARABIC, SUDANESE CREOLE SudanAUKAN [DJK] SurinameBAHAMAS CREOLE ENGLISH BahamasBAJAN [BJS] BarbadosBAY ISLANDS CREOLE ENGLISH

Honduras BERBICE CREOLE DUTCH GuyanaBETAWI Indonesia (Java and Bali)BISLAMA VanuatuCAFUNDO CREOLE BrazilCHAVACANO PhilippinesCRIOULO, UPPER GUINEA Guinea-

Bissau CUTCHI-SWAHILI KenyaDUTCH CREOLE U.S. Virgin IslandsFA D'AMBU Equatorial Guinea

FERNANDO PO CREOLE ENGLISH

Equatorial Guinea FRENCH GUIANESE CREOLE FRENCH

French Guiana GUYANESE CREOLE ENGLISH GuyanaHAITIAN CREOLE FRENCH HaitiHAWAII CREOLE ENGLISH USAINDO-PORTUGUESE Sri LankaINDONESIAN, PERANAKAN IndonesiaKARIPUNA CREOLE FRENCH BrazilKITUBA Democratic Republic of CongoKORLAI CREOLE PORTUGUESE IndiaKRIO Sierra LeoneKRIOL AustraliaKWINTI SurinameLEEWARD CARIBBEAN CREOLE

ENGLISH Antigua LESSER ANTILLEAN CREOLE FRENCH St.

Lucia LOUISIANA CREOLE FRENCH USA and so on...http://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp

Sources of Linguistic Features ^

Superstrate: the socially dominant languageMost vocabulary from superstrate language( lexifier language

^

Substrate: socially subordinate language(s)Most grammatical structure from the substratelanguage(s)

Solomons Pidgin

transitive

intransitive

luk

‘look’

luk-im

‘see something

sut

‘shoot’

sut-im

‘shoot something’

Kwaio (Oceanic language)

aga

‘look’

aga-si

‘see something’

fana

‘shoot’

fana-si

‘shoot something’

Example

,^ continued

Can you identify the superstrate of these Creoles?1.^

mo pe aste sa banan.

I am buying the banana.

French:

Seychelles Creole

2.^

de bin alde luk dat big tri.

They always looked for a big tree.

English:

Roper River Creole

3.^

a waka go a wosu.

He walked home.

English:

Saran

4.^

ja fruher wir bleiben.

Yes at first we remained.

German:

Papua New Guinea

5.^

olmaan i kas-im chek.

The old man is cashing a

check.

English:

Cape York Creole

6.^

li pote sa bay mo.

He brought that for me.

French:

Guyanais

Five creoles for you to remember 1. JamaicanCreole 2. Gulluh 3. Krio 4. Chinese pidginEnglish 5. Yiddish (Wardhaugh 64-5)

Now have a look at discussion question 2 onp. 69 of Wardhaugh

Discussion question 1 on page 77 ofWardhaugh is worth at least a few minutes ofour time.

2. Creole Development

Theories of Creolization1.

When children learn a pidgin as a nativelanguage 2.

Grammaticalization and phrases becomewords ‘ma bilong mi’ (my husband) tomabilongmi (Wardhaugh 78)

Levels of creole/language statusand the continuum1. Acrolect “high speech”2. Mesolect “middle speech”3. Basolect “low speech”Groups often recognize status distinctionssubconsciously