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PILL CAMERA

Submitted by

Ramaraman Sarangi

MCA

Guided by Dr. Biswa Mohan Acharya Department of CA SIKSHA ‘O’ ANUSANDHAN DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

CONTEN

T

Introduction Conventional Method Components Procedure Applications Advantages Disadvantages Future Scope Conclusions

CONVENTIONAL METHOD

• (^) The conventional method that Doctors would have preferred earlier was endoscopy procedure. By which Doctor able to see the inside lining of digestive tract. This Examination is performed using an Endoscope-a flexible fibre optic tube with a tiny Tv camera at the end. The camera is connected to either an eyepiece for direct viewing or video screen that displays the images on a colour tv.

Components

Optical

Dome

Lens Holder Lens

Illuminating

LED’s

CMOS Image

Sensor

Battery

ASIC

Transmitter

Antenna

COMPONENTS(CONTD …) 3.Lens: i. The Lens is an integral component of the capsule. ii. It is arranged behind the Light Receiving Window Illuminating LED’s: 4.Illuminate an object. i. Four LED’s. ii. Arranged in donut(ring) shape

COMPONENTS(CONTD …) 5.CMOS Image Sensor: i. CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Image Sensor. ii. It is 140 degree field of view and can detect objects as small as possible. 6.Battery: i. Button shaped and are two in number. ii. Behind the CMOS Image Sensor. iii. Silver Oxide primary batteries. iv. Disposable and doesn’t cause harm to the body.

PROCEDURE Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a conventional pill. It takes images as it is propelled forward by peristalsis. A wireless recorder, worn on a belt,receives the images transmitted by the pill. A computer workstation processes the data and produces a continuous still images.

IMAGES OBTAINED BY PILL CAMERA

ADVANTAGES

• (^) Painless,no side effects or complications.
• (^) Small size,so can move easily through digestive system.
• (^) Accurate , precise and effective.
• (^) Images taken are of very high quality which are sent almost instantaneously to the data recorder for storage.
• (^) Made of bio-compatible material , doesn’t cause any harm of the body.

DISADVANTAGES Patients with gastrointestinal structure or narrowing are not good candidates for this procedure due to the risk of obstruction. The pill will get stucked if there is a partial obstruction in the small intestine. Impossible to control camera behaviour.

REFERENC ES [1] Lu Wang. and Kais Hun wu S. (2013) ‘Attached-RTS: Eliminating an Exposed Terminal Problem in Wireless , Network’ IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems’, Vol.24, No.7, pp. 1289-1299. [2] Mishra, R. Kayak, S. Verna, K. and Singh, D. (2011) ‘Survey on Techniques to Resolve Problems Associated with RTS/CTS Mechanism’, Proc. Int’l Conf. Comm., Computing and Security (ICCCS), Vol.3, No.1, ISSN 2250-3501. D. Halpern, D. Hu, W. Sheath, A. and Wetherill, (2008) ‘Predictable 802.11 Packet Delivery from WirelessChannel Measurements’, Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 135-145. [4] He, N. Xu, Y. Cao, J. Li, Z. Chen, H. and Ran, Y. (2010) ‘ROME: Rattles Online MDS Code for Wireless Data Broadcasting’, in Proc. of IEEE Globecom, Vol.32,No.3,pp.1243- [5] LAN MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. ANSI/IEEE Std. 802.11,1999 Edition. [6] L. V.r.Bharghavan, A. Demers, S. Shenker, and Zhang, “MACAW: A media access protocol for wireless LANs,” in Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM ’94 .1994, pp. 212–225,ACM.

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