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A comprehensive review of key concepts in pltw biomedical science, covering topics such as tissues, organs, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and brain injuries. It includes detailed explanations, definitions, and examples, making it a valuable resource for students preparing for their final exam. The document also features a series of questions and exercises that test understanding of the material.
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a progressive degeneration, and/or death, of nerve cells caused by repeated head injuries, such as repeated concussions CTE basic unit for any organism such as a neuron that transmits information to other cells cells composed of cells, and if relating this to nervous tissue it has both neurons and cells, which senses stimuli and transmits signals tissues
composed of tissue, for example, the brain is composed of nervous tissue, which allows the brain to interpret stimuli organs composed of multiple organs, for example, the nervous system is composed of all the organs in the nervous system, which is responsible for all activities in the nervous system organ system composed of epithelial cells aligned in sheets and connected to one another. this tissue can be found lining the outer surfaces of all organs and blood vessels, in the mouth, and on the surfaces of humans. this tissue works to absorb, secrete, protect, and sense for us. epithelial tissue supports and connects other tissue types in the body. different types of connective tissue work to hold organs in place, attach muscle to bones, link bones with joints, or enable other tissues (like lungs) to stretch. it is found attached to and in between other tissues types in the body.
found in the walls of the heart. this tissue provides the ability to contract; involuntary cardiac muscle complete sets of genes within an organism, and genes are made up of blood genome how does a single genome code for so many types of tissues? blood is made up of 4 different bases which can create a variety. since genomes are genes, genes are responsible for determining the cell structure and function by directing synthesis of proteins and coding RNA molecules. an injury to the head that causes the brain to quickly move back and forth, hitting the inside of the skull. concussion
what happens to the neurons during a concussion? they are stretched, sheared, or transected (cut into pieces). when an individual has multiple severe concussions over their lifetime, a protein called tau forms clumps in the brain. these proteins slowly spread throughout the brain and kill brain cells. what are the short term effects/symptoms of concussion? vacant stares, disorientation, inability to focus, memory impairment, slurred speech, and stumbling. may or may not involve a lot of consciousness. can heal within a few months. what are the potential long-term effects of repeat concussions? multiple concussion which lead to tau protein formation can cause more severe symptoms including paranoia, mood and behavior changes, aggression and depression. if it is a sports player, a doctor may require the athlete to stop their sport to prevent permanent brain damage. may or may not involve a lot of consciousness. can heal within a few months.
studies microscopic anatomy of tissues. needs to use a microscope to see individual cells. histological exam what professional would perform a histological exam of tissues? forensic histologist, histologist contains the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, and nerves. it is responsible for receiving, interpreting, and reacting to signals from inside and outside the body. uses chemical and electrical signals that transmit through the body, and responds to changes that it detects. nerve signals control most bodily functions, including sensation, movement, and digestive processes. nervous system all the nerves in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system. the PNS brings information from the outside world and from within the body to the CNS. PNS
the brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system. the CNS receives data from the PNS (outside world). the brain processes the information, makes decisions about what to do, and sends signals back via the peripheral nervous system to bring about a specific change. CNS left side of the heart; pumps blood to the body to drop off oxygen. systemic pump right side of the heart; pumps blood to lungs to get oxygen pulmonary pump receive blood as it enters the heart "receiving halls"
veins carry blood away from the heart arteries the largest vein in the human body, the inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from body parts below the diaphragm. vena cavas bring blood w/ oxygen back from lungs pulmonary veins carries deoxygenated blood to each corresponding lung. pulmonary arteries
the largest artery in the human body. carries blood with oxygen to whole body. aorta separates the atriums and ventricles atrioventricular valves s responsible for planning and organizing incoming information. also controls behavior and emotion. frontal lobe crucial in integrating sensory and visual information. parietal lobe used for processing language and storing information in the long-term memory.
between LA and LV biscupid (mitral) valve between RA and RV tricuspid valve between LV and aorta aortic valve between RV & pulmonary artery pulmonary valve
measures the amount of oxygen in blood pulse oximeter measures the degree of one's body heat in fahrenheit or celsius. thermometer number of heart beats per minute pulse to calculate body mass index (ratio of height to weight) body mass index measures the number of breaths taken per minute timer
Graduation from an accredited LPN program and pass the National Council Licensure Exam. They need a high school diploma or GED, and then you'll need to graduate from an accredited LPN program. LPN programs generally include one year of coursework and practical application at a hospital, vocational technical school or community college. LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) degree and training Provide basic bedside care for the sick, injured and convalescent, under the direction of physicians and registered nurses. You'll do such tasks as give injections, take vital signs, perform diagnostic tests, dress would and administer medication. Work under registered nurse. LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) duties Need to hold either an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) in order to work as an RN. Need to earn a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) as well. Following graduation from an approved program, all U.S.-based RNs must take and pass the NCLEX exam. Similar training to LPN.
