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Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
• Electrons are shared evenly when the two
atoms are the same element
Polar Covalent Bonds
• Shared unevenly when the bonded atoms
are different elements
Polarity of covalent bonds
•Closertogether on the periodic table,
less polar bond
• Further apart on the periodic table,
more polar bond
• Molecules are called ‘dipoles’
• Ionic bonds are extremely polar—
beyond covalent
Molecular Polarity Molecular Attractions
• Electrical attractions between molecules
that does not result in bonding
– Ions
– Polar molecules
– Non-polar molecules
Ion-dipole attraction
• Water and salt
– Ions of NaCl attract dipole of water
Dipole-dipole attraction
• Water and … water
– Dipoles of water attract one another Dipole-Induced dipole attractions
Some non-polar molecules can be
distorted into dipoles by polar
molecules--Oxygen and water
Induced dipole-induced dipole
attractions
Molecules can develop induced
dipoles especially if they are large
