Political science, ba LLB notes, Lecture notes of Political Science

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Liberty

Dr. Shinde Pramod Gyandev Dayanand college of Law, Latur

Meaning of Liberty

• The word “Liberty” is derived from the Latin noun ‘Liber’ which means ‘free’
• (^) Liberty means freedom from restraints and the freedom to act as one likes.
• Above this meaning of Liberty in civil society taken to be negative and harmful.

Contin………

• Laski, “Liberty is the existence of those conditions of social life without which no one can in general be at his best self” “Liberty is the eager maintenance of that atmosphere in which men have the opportunities to be their best-selves.”

Features of Liberty

• Liberty is the essential condition for the enjoyment of rights. It is not absence of restraints. It is the positive condition for the enjoyment of rights
• (^) Liberty does not mean the absence of all restraints.
• It admits the presence of rational restraints and the absence of irrational restraints.

Continu……….

• It is the presence of adequate opportunities for all as can enable them to use their rights.
• It maintains conditions which are essential for the enjoyment of liberty by all the people of the state.
• It is the most fundamental of all the rights. Such as the right to life.

Types of Liberty

• Natural Liberty
• Civil Liberty
• Political Liberty
• Individual Liberty
• Economic Liberty
• National Liberty
• Religious Liberty
• Moral Liberty

Civil Liberty

• It means each member of society enjoys this as individual. It is equally available to all the individuals.
• It is enjoyed only under some rational restrictions imposed by state and society.
• State guarantees civil liberty.
• It also stands for the protection of Rights and Freedom from undue interferences.

Political Liberty

• It means people have an adequate opportunities for using political rights.
• People have the freedom of political participation.
• It involves the freedom to exercise right to vote, right to contest elections, right to criticize and oppose the policies of the government, right to form political parties , pressure groups etc..
• In the words of Laski, “Political liberty means the power to be active in the affairs of the state.”
• It is possible in only Democracy

Economic Liberty

• It means freedom from the wants of tomorrow and availability of adequate opportunities for earning the livelihood.
• It stands for freedom from poverty, unemployment and the ability to enjoy at least three basic needs—food, clothing, shelter.
• Laski writes, “Economic liberty means security and opportunity to find reasonable significance in the earning of one’s daily bread”.
• It can be enjoyed only when there is freedom from hunger, starvation, destitution, and unemployment.

Continu…..

• The grant of economic liberty to the people

demands the grant of right to work, right to

reasonable wages, adequate opportunities for

livelihood, right to rest and leisure, and right

to economic security in the old age.

Religious Liberty

• It means freedom to profess or not to profess any religion.
• Freedom of faith and worship and non intervention of state in religious matters of people.
• Equal status of all religions to freely carry out their activities in society.
• Secularism

Moral Liberty

• It means freedom to act according to one’s

conscience.

• It stands for the liberty to work for securing moral

self-perfection.

• Freedom to pursue moral values is moral freedom.