Download POLS 101 Exam 3 Questions and Answers: A Comprehensive Guide to US Government and more Exams Political Science in PDF only on Docsity!
POLS 101 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers Rated A+
Which governmental type (s) promote the idea of citizens rather than subjects? ✔✔Republics
Which governmental type (s) promote the idea that private property is illegal, but you still have some individual liberties? ✔✔Socialistic
Which governmental type (s) promote the individual who has complete control of a nation (the oldest type of government)? ✔✔Monarchies
Which governmental type (s) promote the State above the subjects and promotes a(n)utopia for all upon successful implementation? ✔✔Communistic
What made it illegal to personally own gold from 1933 until 1974? ✔✔The Gold Reserve Act
Beyond protecting the people, what is the reason governments exist? ✔✔Order
Who was the only President to ever be elected unanimously? ✔✔George Washington
What allowed the President to send troops for a threat without consulting Congress first? ✔✔The War Powers Act of 1973
The President can _______ legislation which he doesn't like or feels is not in the best interest of the country. ✔✔Veto
The President can issue an _____________ ________ which is intended to be a bridge between the needs of the moment and the future legislation from Congress. ✔✔Executive Order
The President is the: ✔✔First Legislator
What are the three powers of the Presidency? ✔✔Expressed, Delegated, Inherent
The most powerful agency in the Executive Branch is the? ✔✔Office of Management & Budget
The power to review and approve anything the administration does in public is known as? ✔✔Central Clearance
The court case which established the judicial system, and the ability to review and overturn laws, was? ✔✔Marbury v Madison
The idea that each layer of the legal process is independent of each other and can make binding decisions on their own is called? ✔✔Judicial Federalism
The Court Case which stated that separate but equal was unconstitutional was? ✔✔Brown v Board of Education
The court case which established 14th Amendment protections to same sex marriages was: ✔✔Obergefell v Hodges
Who was the most notorious Supreme Court Justice we talked about? ✔✔John Marshall
Which Court case stated that a state cannot tax a national bank? ✔✔McCulloch v/s Maryland
Which court case stated that the federal government did not have Constitutional authority to ban slavery in any state of the Union? ✔✔Dred Scott v/s Stanford
Which case granted corporations 14th Amendment protections, just like they were people, with the idea was that state governments could not attack or discriminate against corporations any more than they could against people. ✔✔Santa Clara Co. v/s Southern Pacific Railroad
Which case established the idea that 'separate but equal' was Constitutional, and gave legal justification for Jim Crow laws ✔✔Plessy v/s Ferguson
Which case decided that business owners could issue contracts to their employees and the state had little to say about them, and that the state could not institute things like a minimum wage on employers due to their 14th Amendment protections? ✔✔Lochner v/s New York
Which court case ruled that women and men could be treated differently in the workplace because women had the expected roll of child bearer and mother, which was determined to me more important than working. ✔✔Muller v/s Oregon
Which was the first case that restricted free speech with the use of the "Clear and Present Danger" argument? ✔✔Schenck v/s United States
Which case was centered around the certification deadline of the Florida Election and established that the Supreme Court could become directly involved in Presidential elections, or at least the litigation centering around them ✔✔Bush v/s Gore
Which case ruled that the government could not force people to buy healthcare under the Interstate Commerce Act. ✔✔National Federation of Independent Business v/s Sebeliu
Potential Essay # 1:
What are the three, primary, questions the founding fathers asked themselves when defining the presidency? ✔✔a) Should the U.S.A. even have a President? They feared he would become a king and limited his power accordingly.
b) How long should someone be President? A person could be elected for a four year term, but no limitations were given to how many times a person could be elected President.
c) How would the U.S.A. choose its President? The Electoral College makes the decision.
Potential Essay # 2:
What are the three things which must be considered when taking a case for the Supreme Court to review? Give more details than just the names. ✔✔a) Legitimate Controversy (an actual dispute between two parties)
b) Standing (must prove actual harm)
c) Moot (the decision won't change the outcome in any way)
Potential Essay number 3: List the current cabinet departments and give a little bit of information about each. ✔✔1. Defense: Protection
- Education: Academics
- Health & Human Services: Wellness
- Treasury: Money
- Agriculture: Farms
- Commerce: Trade
- Energy: Electricity
- Housing & Urban Development: Fair Housing
What are the branches of the U.S. Government, who occupies them, and what do they do? ✔✔a) Legislative - Congress (House of Reps and Senate) - make laws and oversee federal agencies.
b) Executive - President & VP - Commander in Chief, Economist in Chief, Chief Diplomat, Chief law enforcement officer.
c) Judicial - Supreme Court & all lower Corts -
Supreme Court - determines if a law passed by Congress is Constitutional or not.
Lower Courts - determines if a law has been broken & if someone has been injured.
monarchy ✔✔The oldest form of government
With a leader who makes the decisions for his tribe, sometimes supported by a council, sometimes not.
Republic ✔✔a type of government consisting of elected representatives who, along with a president or other defined ruler, govern by the consent of the people themselves.
Fascism ✔✔A government type that was invented to try to bring the best of the governmental types of a republic and communism, while leaving out the less desirable elements. Fascism has a dictator, or a person who has used violence to gain total controls of a nation
Socialism ✔✔is defined as a government type that allocates the totality of a nations goods and services to be equally distributed to the subjects. The idea is that all wealth is equally and fairly given to everyone. Under this idea there are no wealthy business owners or abject poverty. No individual can amass a fortune and no one goes hungry.
Communism ✔✔a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership. Idea, mostly, of Karl Marx who wrote The Communist Manifesto in the late 1890's.
Gold Reserve Act ✔✔law made it illegal for normal American citizens to effectively own gold. There were certain exemptions, wedding rings, antique coins, but your average person could go to prison if they didn't turn over their gold that wasn't exempt
taxes ✔✔used for infrastructure (roads, bridges, cell towers, etc.) and, in modern times, to use as leverage for other nations in negotiations
War Powers Act in 1973 ✔✔allowed the President to send in troops wherever to respond to a national threat without Congress's approval.
The other side of this is that the President must notify Congress within 48 hours of the troop deployment and get approval within 60 days to continue the military effort.
First Legislator ✔✔The President. On the campaign trail, and upon election, he sets the political and legislative agenda for his Presidency
Veto power ✔✔Presidential power which allows him to halt the implementation of any law he decide.
State of the Union Address ✔✔The president's annual statement to Congress and the nation.
Executive Order ✔✔designed to be an action bridge between the needs of the moment, and the legislation Congress will make.
Economist in Chief ✔✔The President, meaning he is in control and responsible for the economy.
party leader ✔✔The President sets the agenda, as we have already explored, and moves the people of his party towards particular goals he would like to see accomplished
fireside chats ✔✔Roosevelt would address the nation weekly by radio, giving the people hope and letting them know where the economy stood, every President has used the media to get his message out to the people.
approval ratings ✔✔When a President has high national favorability, he has many friends in Congress that will work with him to get things done.
A drop in his approval ratings and many of his Congressional friends won't return his calls.
Presidential Greatness ✔✔Concept that lead to questions like-
What would make a President great? Is it the accomplishments they do while in office? Maybe things they do before they are elected? Things that they set up while in office that bloom after they are gone?
Political Orders ✔✔sets of ideas, institutions, and coalitions that will dominate an era long after the Presidency has changed hands.
central clearance ✔✔the power to review and approve anything the administration does in public
bureaucratie ✔✔French word which translates to desk
NASA, the Post Office, and the CDC ✔✔Traditional bureaucratic agencies that the public seem to like
23 million ✔✔Americans working, often behind the scenes, to make our everyday lives run.
the spoils system, sometimes called the 'Good 'ol Boy System ✔✔government jobs are given out as political favors, often times leads to underqualified people filling vital positions.
People fought against this system and pushed for a merit-based hiring process.
Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 ✔✔required the federal government to issue exams to applicants to ensure they were capable of doing the job they were being hired for. The first step towards forming the Civil Service, which is the agency that hires all federal workers today.
five characteristics that all modern bureaucracies have ✔✔1. hierarchy
- division of labor
- fixed routines
- equal rules for all
- technical qualifications
five specific pathologies ✔✔1. Rote
- Imperialism
- Turf war
- Lack of coordination,
- Clientelism
Rulemaking ✔✔fixed process with multiple steps. Rulemaking is always carried out the same way and begins with the agency studying the new law.
Proposed rule ✔✔a draft of administrative regulators. They send the proposed rule to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) who will review the rule, give their approval (or disapproval
Judicial Federalism ✔✔idea that each layer is semi-independent and can make binding decisions on their own.
the Judicial System is divided into three basic layers ✔✔1) Lower Trial Courts,
State Appeals Courts
State Supreme Courts (or their equivalent).
District Courts ✔✔handle crimes that violate federal laws, constitutional issues, and federal treaties
specialized courts ✔✔military courts, tax court, terrorism, and bankruptcy, to name just a few. The each have their own rules and regulations, along with specialize appeal processes.
