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Population and Community Ecology - Slide Notes | BSC 441, Study notes of Biology

Material Type: Notes; Class: Population and Community Ecology; Subject: Biological Sciences; University: University of Southern Mississippi; Term: Unknown 1989;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/18/2009

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Population and Community Ecology (BSC 441, 541)
Syllabus
Course webpage: http://ichthyology.usm.edu/courses/community/
Please email me so I can put together an email list for
announcements
Course Logistics
IVN
Labs and travel
Exams and papers
Groups and projects
Field work
Why the peer review system?
Science is universally based on the peer review system
Reviewers = anonymous, independent, and of equal standing (scientist)
Avoids cronyism, encourages critical and constructive review.
Definitions
Ecology - study of the interactions between organisms
and the environment.
Population - group of interbreeding individuals of the
same species. Typically isolated from other groups of
the same species.
Community - assemblage of spatially delimited
species. Often defined by a characteristic physical
attribute; e.g., the oak- savanna community of High
Park, or the riffle community in streams.
Ecosystem Combination of a community and its
physical characteristics. Also includes the ways these
organisms interact with the physical space and each
other.
What is Ecology?
Physiology
Genetics
Systematics
Taxonomy
Microbiology
Ecology
and
Evolution
Developmental
Biology
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Download Population and Community Ecology - Slide Notes | BSC 441 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Population and Community Ecology (BSC 441, 541)

  • Syllabus
  • Course webpage: http://ichthyology.usm.edu/courses/community/
  • Please email me so I can put together an email list for announcements
  • Course Logistics
    • IVN
    • Labs and travel
    • Exams and papers
    • Groups and projects
    • Field work

Why the peer review system?

  • Science is universally based on the peer review system
  • Reviewers = anonymous, independent, and of equal standing (scientist)
  • Avoids cronyism, encourages critical and constructive review.

Definitions

  • Ecology - study of the interactions between organisms

and the environment.

  • Population - group of interbreeding individuals of the

same species. Typically isolated from other groups of

the same species.

  • Community - assemblage of spatially delimited

species. Often defined by a characteristic physical

attribute; e.g., the oak- savanna community of High

Park, or the riffle community in streams.

  • Ecosystem – Combination of a community and its

physical characteristics. Also includes the ways these

organisms interact with the physical space and each

other.

What is Ecology?

Physiology

Genetics

Systematics

Taxonomy

Microbiology

Ecology

and

Evolution

Developmental

Biology

Importance

  • What Is the Universe Made Of?
  • What is the Biological Basis of Consciousness?
  • Why Do Humans Have So Few Genes?
  • To What Extent Are Genetic Variation and Personal Health Linked?
  • Can the Laws of Physics Be Unified?
  • How Much Can Human Life Span Be Extended?
  • What Controls Organ Regeneration?
  • How Can a Skin Cell Become a Nerve Cell?
  • How Does a Single Somatic Cell Become a Whole Plant?
  • How Does Earth's Interior Work?
  • Are We Alone in the Universe?
  • How and Where Did Life on Earth Arise?
  • What Determines Species Diversity?
  • What Genetic Changes Made Us Uniquely Human?
  • How Are Memories Stored and Retrieved?
  • How Did Cooperative Behavior Evolve?
  • How Will Big Pictures Emerge from a Sea of Biological Data?
  • How Far Can We Push Chemical Self-Assembly?
  • What Are the Limits of Conventional Computing?
  • Can We Selectively Shut Off Immune Responses?
  • Do Deeper Principles Underlie Quantum Uncertainty and Nonlocality?
  • Is an Effective HIV Vaccine Feasible?
  • How Hot Will the Greenhouse World Be?
  • What Can Replace Cheap Oil -- and When?
  • Will Malthus Continue to Be Wrong?

Ecological Sciences Focus on:

  • Organismal – How individuals are affected by their biotic and abiotic environments
  • Population – Trends and fluctuations in abundance or density related to biotic or abiotic environment. - understand individual responses and apply this understanding to population characteristics (reductionist approach) - analyze population characteristics directly and relate these to the environment
  • Community – How do interactions among species determine distribution and abundance of populations in a particular area or habitat.
  • Ecosystem – How do patterns of energy, mass and nutrients flow through ecosystems.

Ecological Phenomena

  • Pattern – what we see. Ecologists attempt to fit ecological data to patterns. However, a pattern itself is not meaningful.
  • Process – what we want to understand. Ecologists ultimately want to understand processes, mechanistic explanations for patterns.
  • One goal of ecological science is to predict what will happen to a population, or community under a set of specific circumstances.

Population and Community Ecology

  • What occurs where?
  • How many?
  • Why?
    • Population
      • Distribution (spatial, temporal)
      • Life history
      • Demographics
      • Resources use
      • Competition, foraging, niche theory
      • Predation
      • Symbiosis
      • Emmigration - immigration
    • Community
      • Productivity
      • Energetics
      • Resistance/resilience
      • Diversity
      • Trophic structure

Area with tolerable conditions

Core area near optima

Ecological Gradient

Area with tolerable conditions

Core habitat near optima

Second gradient

Likely species distribution

Desiccation, wave action gradient

Niche – combination of multiple optima along many gradients

  • The role an organism plays in the environment
    • All resources, interactions with biotic/abiotic components of the environment
    • N-dimensional hypervolume
      • Each dimension is a biotic or abiotic resource