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Genetics |! Module |! 10 |! Exam |! with |!
accurate |! detailed |! answers
genome |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1920 |! combines |! terms |! genes |! with |! chromosome complete |! DNA |! set |! of |! organisms blueprint |! of |! how |! an |! organism |! functions first |! and |! necessary |! step |! to |! begin |! to |! understand |! the |! function |! and |! evolution |! of |! an |! organism |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔determining |! the |! nucleotide |! sequence |! of |! the |! organism precision |! medicine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔personalized |! medicine- |! individualized |! care interdisciplinary |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔several |! aspects |! of |! biology |! and |! science- |! math, |! engineering, |! computer |! science, |! chemistry, |! physics large-scale |! data |! collection |! and |! analysis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔big |! data 1 |! gene |! at |! a |! time |! to |! ALL |! genes |! at |! once lots |! of |! data |! at |! once
new |! advanced |! technologies |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔seuqencers new |! tools |! and |! types |! of |! analysis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔bioinformatics- |! didn't |! exist |! until |! genome human |! genome |! sequence |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔where |! genomes |! are, |! elements, |! and |! where |! they |! are |! located 1980s |! with |! first |! linkage |! maps most |! specific, |! detailed |! map |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔human |! genome |! sequence |! (before |! cytogenetic |! maps, |! genetic |! linkage |! map, |! restriction |! enzymes |! (physical |! mapping) what |! had |! to |! be |! discovered |! before |! HGP |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1) |! Mendel's |! laws |! of |! inheritance
- |! determination |! of |! DNA |! as |! the |! inherited |! substance
- |! determine |! of |! the |! composition |! and |! structure |! of |! DNA
- |! discovery |! of |! messenger |! RNA
- |! producing |! recombinant |! DNA
- |! gene |! cloning
- |! DNA |! sequencing
information |! vs. |! knowledge HGP |! rank |! in |! big |! science |! projects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔space |! station |! freedom easrt |! observing |! system superconducting |! super |! collider human |! genome |! project hubble |! space 1998 |! craig |! venter |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔left |! public |! effort started |! Celera claimed |! could |! sequence |! human |! genome |! faster |! for |! 300 |! million |! faster wouldn't |! release |! its |! data |! freely |! and |! publicly 1999 |! the |! race |! began |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 20 |! centers |! in |! 6 |! countries |! public |! sector |! didn't |! want |! to |! lose who |! won? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔tied both |! got |! cover public |! sector |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔BAC |! (bacteria |! artificial |! chromosome) |! by |! BAC, |! serum |! of |! volume |! of |! book-started |! at |! one |! section |! and |! then |! went |! in
longer |! and |! more |! tedious orderly |! chromosome |! divided |! into |! smaller |! and |! smaller |! pieces genetic |! map, |! physical |! map, |! then |! sequenced private |! sector |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔whole |! genome |! shotgun |! approach blasts |! into |! millions |! of |! little |! frequencies each |! sequenced |! and |! then |! looks |! for |! regions |! of |! can |! start |! to |! construct |! an |! over |! ally |! continuous |! sequence contig Benter |! did |! what |! first |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sequenced |! fly |! genome |! first now |! the |! standard |! for |! sequencing whose |! DNA |! did |! HGP |! sequence |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔IHGSC- |! male |! DNA Celera- |! male |! and |! female |! DNA- |! most |! from |! Bender what |! is |! important |! to |! remember |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔not |! full |! sequence |! of |! one |! individual |! and |! is |! based |! on |! a |! very |! small |! pool |! of |! donor |! DNA clues |! to |! locations |! of |! genes |! and |! compares |! to |! other |! species |! of |! genes |!
- |! Correct |! answer |! ✔annotation
which |! chromosome |! has |! the |! most |! genes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chromosome |! 1 gene |! poor |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔x |! and |! y genes |! that |! do |! exist |! on |! chromosome |! vary |! on |! the |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔space |! they |! are |! located gene-rich |! and |! gene-poor gene |! deserts- |! no |! genes |! for |! a |! long |! stretch |! of |! DNA genes |! can |! be |! expressed |! from |! _____ |! side(s) |! of |! the |! DNA |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔both major |! outcomes |! of |! HGP |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔gene |! count- |! much |! lower |! than |! expected what |! is |! a |! gene? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! unique |! DNA |! sequence |! that |! has |! been |! validated |! as |! producing |! mRNA |! that |! translates |! into |! a |! protein(s) another |! startling |! discovery |! of |! the |! human |! genome |! project |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔genome |! size |! doesn't |! correlate |! to |! species |! complexity sepcies |! vary |! in |! genome |! size |! and |! content
all |! organisms |! have |! a |! genome |! that |! consists |! of |! the |! 4 |! nucleotides C |! paradox gene |! number |! doesn't |! account |! either what |! does |! account |! for |! complexity? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔proteins- |! we |! can |! make |! a |! lot |! more |! proteins |! than |! that, |! each |! one |! of |! our |! genes |! has |! the |! capacity |! to |! encode |! 2-3 |! different |! proteins- |! through |! alternative |! splicing, |! 90% |! of |! all |! human |! genes |! can |! be |! alternatively |! spliced introns |! needs |! to |! be |! removed |! and |! translated |! into |! the |! protein eons |! can |! be |! mixed |! and |! matched slightly |! different |! function |! and |! structure human |! proteins |! are |! ____________ |! than |! other |! species |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔more |! complex |! and |! more |! functional, |! different |! structural |! units |! that |! can |! perform |! different |! functions p53 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cancer each |! human |! proteins |! can |! be |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cut |! into |! two |! with |! two |! different |! functions proteins |! can |! be |! modified |! by |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemical |! additions |! to |! give |! different |! function
encode |! project |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ENCyclopedia |! of |! DNA |! elements identify |! and |! catalog |! all |! functional |! elements |! of |! the |! human |! genome 76% |! of |! human |! genome |! is |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔transcribed |! into |! RNA- |! not |! translated |! into |! protein, |! but |! what |! is |! it |! doing? more |! of |! the |! genome |! is |! devoted |! to |! regulating |! the |! expression |! of |! genes |! than |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔protein |! product |! itself all |! humans |! are |! _____ |! identical |! to |! each |! other |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔99.9% modified |! to |! 97-99% humans |! are |! _____ |! identical |! to |! chimps |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔98% |! identical |! to |! chimps 96-98% example |! of |! next |! gen |! sequencing |! technology |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 454 |! pyrosequencing fast |! and |! cheap 2007 affordable |! for |! one |! single |! individual- |! few |! thousand |! dollars
scientists |! began |! to |! look |! forward |! to |! the |! era |! of |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔personalized |! genomes first |! two |! people |! to |! have |! entire |! genome |! sequence |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔craig |! venter- |! diploid, |! human |! to |! human |! similarities |! overestimated |! by |! 10 |! fold |! and |! diversity |! was |! underestimated can |! differ |! from |! each |! other |! by |! up |! to |! 90 |! million |! bases James |! Watsons |! genome |! contains |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔3.5% |! more |! nucleotides |! than |! the |! reference |! human |! genome two |! main |! types |! of |! genetics |! variations |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! single |! nucleotide |! polymorphisms
- |! copy |! number |! variants SNPS |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔most |! common |! genetic |! variation difference |! at |! one |! individual |! nucleotide spotanteous |! or |! induced |! by |! mutation, |! once |! mutation |! is |! in |! more |! than |! 1% |! of |! population |! it |! becomes |! a |! SNP SNPs |! are |! most |! hamlets, |! mostly |! in |! noncoding |! region genetic |! diseases |! may |! occur |! very |! rarely |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔still |! referred |! to |! as |! mutations
CNVs |! account |! for |! more |! genome |! variation |! than |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔SNPs even |! though |! we |! have |! less |! CNVs |! in |! genome
