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portage BIOD 210 genetics module 5 vocab Exam with precise answers, Exams of Genetics

Portage Lakes Career CenterGenetics

portage BIOD 210 genetics module 5 vocab Exam with precise answers

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/22/2025

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portage |! BIOD |! 210 |! genetics |! module |! 5 |!
vocab |! Exam |! with |! precise |! answers
1. purine: |! a |! nitrogenous |! base |! that |! has |! a |! double-ring |! structure; |! one |! of |!
the |! two |! general |! categories |! of |! nitrogenous |! bases |! found |! in |! DNA |! and |!
RNA; |! either |! adenine |! or |! guanine
2. pyrimidine: |! a |! nitrogenous |! base |! that |! has |! a |! single-ring |! structure; |! one |!
of |! the |! two |! general |! categories |! of |! nitrogenous |! bases |! found |! in |! DNA |! and |!
RNA; |! thymine, |! cytosine, |! or |! uracil
3. nucleoside: |! nitrogenous |! base |! is |! attached |! only |! to |! a |! sugar
4. nucleotide: |! when |! a |! nitrogenous |! base |! is |! attached |! to |! a |! sugar |! and |!
phosphate
5. phosphodiester |! bond: |! linkage |! via |! the |! joining |! of |! one |! phosphate |!
group |! to |! two |! sugars
6. oligonucleotide: |! thirty |! link |! nucleotides
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9

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Download portage BIOD 210 genetics module 5 vocab Exam with precise answers and more Exams Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!

portage |! BIOD |! 210 |! genetics |! module |! 5 |!

vocab |! Exam |! with |! precise |! answers

1. purine: |! a |! nitrogenous |! base |! that |! has |! a |! double-ring |! structure; |! one |! of |!

the |! two |! general |! categories |! of |! nitrogenous |! bases |! found |! in |! DNA |! and |!

RNA;|! either |! adenine |! or |! guanine

2. pyrimidine: |! a |! nitrogenous |! base |! that |! has |! a |! single-ring |! structure; |! one |!

of |! the |! two |! general|! categories|! of|! nitrogenous|! bases|! found|! in|! DNA|! and|!

RNA;|! thymine,|! cytosine, |! or |! uracil

3. nucleoside: |! nitrogenous |! base |! is |! attached |! only |! to |! a |! sugar

4. nucleotide: |! when |! a |! nitrogenous |! base |! is |! attached |! to |! a |! sugar |! and |!

phosphate

5. phosphodiester |! bond: |! linkage |! via |! the |! joining |! of |! one |! phosphate |!

group |! to |! two |! sugars

6. oligonucleotide: |! thirty |! link |! nucleotides

  1. polynucleotides: |! long |! nucleotide |! chains
  2. antiparallel: |! two |! chains |! run |! in |! opposite |! directions
  3. complementary: |! A |! and|! T |! and |! C |! and |! G
  4. hydrophobic: |! water |! hating
  5. hydrophilic: |! water |! loving
  6. ribosomes: |! stud |! the |! surface |! of |! the |! Er |! and |! serve |! as |! a |! worktable |! for |! the |! cellular |! machinery |! of |! protein |! translation
  7. semiconservative |! replication: |! mixing |! and |! old |! and |! new |! strand
  8. replication |! fork: |! chromosomal |! location |! where |! DNA |! replication |! starts
  9. origin |! of |! replication: |! where |! replication |! fork |! first |! appears
  10. DNA |! polymerase: |! Enzyme |! involved |! in |! DNA |! replication |! that |! joins |! individual |! nucleotides |! to |! produce |! a |! DNA |! molecule
  11. primer: |! existing |! DNA |! strand
  12. DNA |! polymerase |! III: |! synthesizes |! new |! DNA |! only |! in |! the |! 5' |! to |! 3' |! direction
  1. DNA |! primase: |! binds |! the |! 5' |! en |! dof |! the |! new |! DNA
  2. senescence: |! the |! natural |! physical |! decline |! brought |! about |! by |! aging
  1. transcription: |! DNA |! into |! RNA
  2. triplet |! code: |! every |! three |! letters |! in |! the |! mRNA
  3. codon: |! codes |! for |! one |! amino |! acid
  4. degenerate: |! there |! can |! be |! several |! codons |! that |! encode |! for |! the |! same |! amino |! acid
  5. wobble |! hyptohesis: |! allows|! for|! flexible|! base-pairing|! rules|! in|! the|! third|! position|! of |! a |! codon |! during |! translation
  6. initiation |! codon: |! start
  7. termination |! codon: |! stop
  8. nonsense |! mutations: |! defective |! proteins
  9. RNA |! polymerase: |! responsible |! for |! the |! synthesis |! of |! DNA |! to |! RNA
  10. core |! enzyme: |! four |! subunits |! and |! sigma |! subunit
  1. weak |! promoters: |! elicit |! DNA |! binding |! as |! little |! as |! every |! 20 |! minutes
  2. chain |! elongation: |! occurs |! in |! the |! 5' |! to |! 3' |! direction |! by |! addition |! of |! one |! nucleotide |! at |! a |! time |! to |! the |! 3' |! end
  3. proofreading: |! catching |! errors
  4. hairpin |! secondary |! structure: |! when|! the|! new|! RNA|! transcript|! folds|! back|! on|! itself |! and |! is |! held |! together |! by |! hydrogen |! bonds
  5. silencers: |! turn |! off |! the |! expression |! of |! genes
  6. enhnacers: |! increase |! their |! activity
  7. transcription |! factors: |! trans-acting |! elements
  8. primary |! transcript |! or |! pre-RNA: |! initial |! RNA |! molecule |! synthesized
  9. introns: |! Noncoding |! segments |! of |! nucleic |! acid |! that |! lie |! between |! coding |! se- |! quences.
  10. exons: |! Coding |! segments |! of |! eukaryotic |! DNA.
  11. RNA |! splicing: |! introns |! are |! removed |! and |! exons |! are |! joined |! together
  1. alternative |! splicing: |! different |! mature |! mRNAs |! can |! be |! produced |! from |! the |! same |! pre-mRNA |! by |! linking |! the |! exons |! in |! different |! combinations
  2. translation: |! mRNA |! to |! protein
  3. transfer |! RNA: |! type |! of |! RNA |! molecule |! that |! transfers |! amino |! acids |! to |! ribosomes |! during |! protein |! synthesis
  4. monosome: |! when |! two |! subunits |! are |! associated |! with |! each |! other |! in |! a |! single |! ribosome
  5. posttranscriptional |! modification: |! enzymatic |! reaction |! occurs |! after |! the |! tran- |! scription |! of |! the |! RNA
  6. aminoacylation: |! the |! process |! by |! which |! a |! tRNA |! molecule |! is |! bound |! to |! its |! corre- |! sponding |! amino |! acid
  7. three |! parts |! of |! the |! ribosomes: |! aminoacyl |! site, |! peptidyl |! site, |! exit |! site
  8. Shine-Delgarno|! sequence:|! recruiter|! for|! small|! ribosomal|! subunit|! helps|! in |! recog- |! nition |! and |! binding |! to |! initiation |! codon